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Year 3 - Obs & Gynae Anatomy > Anatomy of Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy of Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The female reproductive system is located where?

A

Within both the pelvic cavity and the perineum

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2
Q

What parts of the female reproductive system lie in the pelvic cavity?

A

Ovaries
Uterine / Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina

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3
Q

What parts of the female reproductive system are found in the perineum?

A

Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin’s glands
Clitoris
Labia

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4
Q

Label this image

A
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5
Q

Describe the peritoneum in the female

A

Inferior part of parietal peritoneum - forms floor of peritoneal cavity and roof over pelvic organs

Covers the superior aspect organs

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6
Q

What pouches are found in females?

A

Vesico-uterine pouch (utero-vesico)

Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

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7
Q

Label these pouches found in females

A
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8
Q

Label this image

A
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9
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Double layer of peritoneum
Extends between the uterus and the lateral walls and floor of pelvis

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10
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus do?

A

Helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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11
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus contain?

A

The fallopian(uterine) tubes and the proximal part of the round ligament

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12
Q

Label this

A
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13
Q

Label this

A
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14
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

An embryological remnant
Attaches to lateral aspect of the uterus
Proximal part is contained within broad ligament

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15
Q

Where does the round ligament of the uterus pass through?

A

The deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum

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16
Q

Label this

A
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17
Q

Label this

A
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18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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19
Q

Why is the body of the uterus important?

A

Implantation of zygote occurs in body of uterus

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20
Q

If implantation occurs anywhere but the body of the uterus, its called a ?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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21
Q

Label this

A
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22
Q

Label this

A

Fallopian tube (uterine tube)

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23
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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24
Q

Describe what anteflxed and anteverted means in terms of the most common position of the uterus

A
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25
Q

What is the normal variation of the position of the uterus?

A
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26
Q

The uterus is held in position by 3 levels of support, which are?

A

Number of strong ligaments (e.g. uterosacral ligaments)
Endopelvic fascia
Muscles of pelvic floor (e.g. levator ani)

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27
Q

Label this

A
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28
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

In the ampulla of the fallopian (uterine) tube

Usually do not lie symmetrically

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29
Q

What is “salpinx” the greek word for?

A

tube

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30
Q

What is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy?

A

Removal of both Fallopian tubes and ovaries

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31
Q

What is a unilateral salpingectomy?

A

Removal of one of the fallopian tubes

32
Q

Label this

A
33
Q

Where does the fimbriated end of the Fallopian tubes open into?

A

the peritoneal cavity - communication between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity

Thus, in theory, infection could pass between these two areas

34
Q

What kind of scan is this?

A
35
Q

Where are ovaries located and what size are they?

A

Almond sized and shaped - located laterally in the pelvic cavity

36
Q

Where do the ovaries develop?

A

On posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis (the round ligament of the uterus)

37
Q

Ovaries secrete what hormones?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone in response to anterior pituitary hormones FSH and LH

38
Q

What is the vagina?

A

A muscular tube whose walls are normally in contact, except superiorly where the cervix holds them apart forming a fornix (space around the cervix)

39
Q

A fornix has 4 parts which are?

A

Anterior
Posterior
2x lateral

40
Q

Label this

A
41
Q

The walls of the vagina are usually?

A

Collapsed

42
Q

The clinician must be able to see what in order to perform a cervical screening procedure?

A

Cervix

43
Q

What must be sampled in cervical screening procedure?

A

Squamo columnar junction (transformation zone)

44
Q

How is a cervical screening procedure performed?

A

Brush is inserted into the external cervical os with firm pressure and rotated

45
Q

During a vaginal digital examination, what can be palpated?

A

Position of the uterus - assessed by bimanual palpation

46
Q

What does palpation of the adnexae involve?

A

Uterine tubes and ovaries
Can detect large masses or tenderness affecting these structures

47
Q

What kind of a muscle is the levator ani muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle (voluntary control)

48
Q

What forms the majority of the pelvic diaphragm, with its fascial coverings?

A

Levator ani muscle

49
Q

What does the levator ani muscle do?

A

Provides continual support for the pelvic organs
Tonic contraction
Reflexively contracts further during situations of increased intra-abdominal pressure

50
Q

What is the levator ani muscle supplied by?

A

Nerve to levator ani (S3,4,5 sacral plexus)
dual supply?

51
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and skin

52
Q

The perineum is divided into?

A

Superficial and deep pouches

53
Q

What are the openings in the pelvic floor?

A

passage of distal parts of
alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts from pelvis to perineum

54
Q

Label this

A
55
Q

What are the perineal muscles?

A

Superficial and deep

56
Q

What nerve supplies the perineal muscles?

A

Pudendal nerve

57
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue
into which the perineal muscles attach

58
Q

Why is the perineal body important?

A

Important to pelvic floor strength

Can be disrupted during labour

59
Q

Where is the perineal body?

A

Located just deep to skin

60
Q

Label this

A
61
Q

Label this

A
62
Q

Where is the bed of breast?

A

from ribs 2-6
Lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line

63
Q

What does the female breast lie on?

A

On deep fascia covering pectorals major and serrates anterior

64
Q

What space lies between fascia and breast?

A

Retromammary space

65
Q

The female breast firmly attaches to skin via?

A

Suspensory ligaments

66
Q

Label this

A
67
Q

If a lump in the breast is felt, how do we describe its position and how do we assess it?

A
68
Q

If a lump in the breast is felt, what others areas should also be assessed?

A

Axilla
Supraclavicular area

69
Q

Label this

A
70
Q

Most lymph (>75%) from the breast drains into?

A

Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and then into supraclavicular nodes

71
Q

Lymph from inner breast quadrants can drain to?

A

The parasternal lymph nodes

72
Q

Lymph from lower inner breast quadrant can drain to?

A

Abdominal lymph nodes

73
Q

Lymph from the upper limb drains to?

A

The axillary lymph nodes

74
Q

What is contained in the axilla and what is it all embedded in?

A
  • brachial plexus branches
  • axillary artery (& branches) and axillary vein (& tributaries)
  • axillary lymph nodes
  • all embedded in axillary fat
75
Q

Describe level 1, II and III axillary node clearance

A

Level I – inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor
- Level II – deep to pectoralis minor
- Level III – superior and medial to pectoralis minor

76
Q

What is the blood supply and drainage to the breast?

A

Year 3 - Obs & Gynae Anatomy (7 decks)

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