Spanish Colonial Architecture

Question 1

On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by ________ departed ___________, New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13,1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition

Answer 1

Miguel López de Legazpi
Barra de Navidad

Question 2

Instruments of Urbanism

Answer 2

Instruments of Urbanism
▪ Reducción
▪ Encomienda system
▪ System of cities and
towns
▪ Cuadricula
▪ Colonial infrastructures

Question 3

Forced urbanization and resettlement

Answer 3

Reducción

Question 4

Native peoples, many of whom had lived in small villages or hamlets before contact with Europeans, were forcibly relocated to these new settlements.

Answer 4

Reducción

Question 5

The formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into 2. _________ to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change

Answer 5

1. Reducción
2. compact and larger communities

Question 6

___________, under the sound of the bells.

Answer 6

De Bajo de las campanas

Question 7

The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who was mandated to “allocate, allot or distribute” the resources of the domain

Answer 7

Encomienda

Question 8

Encomienda System
The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist 1. (____________) who was mandated to 2. “___________” the resources of the domain

Answer 8

1. encomendero
2. “allocate, allot or distribute”

Question 9

The institution of a hierarchal settlement system.

Answer 9

System of Cities and Towns

Question 10

_____________, core of the municipality

Answer 10

Cabecera (city) or poblacion (town)

Question 11

__________, adjacent barangays

Answer 11

Barrios

Question 12

Patterned after the walled fortresses of Europe

Answer 12

Intramuros

Question 13

Reserved for the nobility and the clergy

Answer 13

Intramuros

Question 14

___________, the Walled City

Answer 14

Intramuros

Question 15

Living beyond the walls

Answer 15

Extramuros

Question 16

________, villages outside the walls

Answer 16

Pueblos

Question 17

__________, a separate urban quarter designated to the Chinese community

Answer 17

Parian

Question 18

________, Japanese community

Answer 18

Dilao

Question 19

A system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision.

Answer 19

Cuadricula

Question 20

The Laws of the Indies, 1573
Characteristics:

Answer 20

Characteristics:
▪ elevated location
▪ an orderly grid of streets
▪a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals, and slaughterhouses.

Question 21

Encapsulates the 2. ___________ of urban design proposed by Vitruvius and Alberti.

Answer 21

1. The Laws of the Indies, 1573
2. classicist theories

Question 22

Grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace

Answer 22

Plaza Complex

Question 23

New building typologies and construction technology was introduced

Answer 23

Colonial Infrastructures

Question 24

Edifices for religious conversion

Answer 24

Churches

Question 25

Church Complex

Answer 25

Church
Convento
Campanarios

Question 26

Characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts. Bastions, keeps, and watchtowers were also built to cover blind spots

Answer 26

Fortresses

Question 27

Monumental civic architecture epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance.

Answer 27

Institutional Buildings

Question 28

The various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects.

Answer 28

Educational and Scientific Buildings

Question 29

Because of the Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.

Answer 29

Industrial Buildings

Question 30

Spain attempted to establish an Asian trading empire to be based in Manila. Soon the city became one of the major colonial port cities in Southeast Asia

Answer 30

Commercial Buildings

Question 31

Dwellings reflecting the differences in social class

Answer 31

Domestic Structures

Question 32

Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap housing in commercial and industrial areas

Answer 32

Accesorias
Apartment dwellings

Question 33

______________, each unit; has azaguan, sala and sleeping quarters.

Answer 33

Vivienda
(Accesorias Apartment dwellings)

Question 34

A housing prototype which combined elements of the 2. __________ and 3. ___________ building traditions to prevent the dangers posed by fire, earthquakes and cyclones.

Answer 34

1. Bahay na bato
2. indigenous
3. Hispanic

Question 35

A new hybrid-type of construction, coined by Jesuit Francisco Ignacio Alcina, which refers to structures built partly of wood and partly of stone.

Answer 35

Arquitectura Mestiza

Question 36

Characteristics of a Bahay na bato
Generally has 1. __________, at times three.
The ground floor is made of cut 2. __________, the upper of 3. ________
Windows: ground floor, grillworks; second floor, sliding shutters with capiz shells or glass panels.
Capped by a _________ with a 45-degree-anglepitch

Answer 36

1. two storeys
2. stone or brick
3. wood
4. high hip roof