Lesson 3: Man and Society

Question 1

refers to a large, independent, and organized
group of people living in the same territory and sharing a common culture and heritage.

Answer 1

Society

Question 2

• simplest and earliest societies
• adopt a lifestyle dependent on resources
  readily available from their surroundings.
• primitive

Answer 2

hunting and gathering societies`

Question 3

example of hunting and gathering societies

Answer 3

nomadic tribes

Question 4

are centered on mechanized production and the exchange of goods and services.

Answer 4

industrial societies

Question 5

are technologically advanced societies characterized by industry and mass. production, and advanced communication and transportation.

Answer 5

modern societies

Question 6

not confined by territory and are composed of individuals coming from various social background

Answer 6

virtual societies

Question 7

• Focuses on studying society, its constructs, and its influence on the human person.
• It applies philosophical concepts in a social context and looks into how social interactions shape people’s
  perceptions, exper iences, ideas, and values.

Answer 7

social philosophy

Question 8

How is society formed?

Answer 8

society is a natural outcome
of this human tendency to socialize.

Question 9

• In order to fully understand the true character of
  society, they imagined humans as living in a so-called _____.
• is a hypothetical condition in which humans, or individuals exist without the influence of organized society, laws, or social institutions.

Answer 9

natural state

Question 10

True or False

Thomas Hobbes described the natural state of a man as governed by his desires and these often lead to conflict with his fellowmen.
*

Answer 10

True

Society is the means by which men seek to control their natural tendencies and impose order.

Question 11

an agreement where individuals sacrifice some of their rights and submit to a higher authority.

Answer 11

Social Contract

Question 12

John Locke considered man in his natural state as more uncooperative and unreasonable.

Answer 12

False

man in his natural state as more cooperative and reasonable.

Question 13

Society is formed through the consent of the individuals who organized it, a concept known as

Answer 13

consent of the governed

Question 14

is a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society.

Answer 14

social contract

Question 15

Jean Jacques Rousseau idea on the social contract led him to advocate the concept of the general wisdom

Answer 15

False

advocate the concept of the general will

Question 16

• comes from the sovereign citizens and they entrust their will to the government.
• The people have empowered the government to act on their behalf, and it is considered to be the best judge of what’s best for the society.

Answer 16

Concept of General Will

Question 17

John Rawls redefined the social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interests.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

• no knowledge of one’s own characteristics
• in this state, humans would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out for their own interests.

Answer 18

Original Position

Question 19

a significant factor in building and maintaining societies.

Answer 19

self-interest

Question 20

claims that if morality and self-interest coincide, then morality would be easy; we would just follow our interests.

Answer 20

Gauthier’s Moral Theory

Question 21

How does society influence a person?

Answer 21

Through socialization

Question 22

• process by which an individual learns the prevailing behaviors, attitudes, and values within his or her society.
• A person adopts a set of ideals and behaviors considered appropriate within his or her own society.

Answer 22

Socialization

Question 23

A psychological experiment conducted in August 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors.

Answer 23

Standford Prison Experiment

Question 24

It is a set of expected behaviors that must be performed by a person.

Answer 24

Social Roles

Question 25

defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.

Answer 25

Social Group

Question 26

A perspective that considers a democratic society as morally desirable.

Answer 26

normative democratic theory

Question 27

• is recognized to be more individualistic and secular
• seen as being assertive and direct

Answer 27

western society

Question 28

-

• rigid and formal in their social dealings as they value respect, familial relations, and social status
• approach social interactions with a degree of deference toward other people

Answer 28

asian societies

Question 29

are evident in the filipino society

Answer 29

harmonious relationsips

Question 30

community relations are also defined by the desire to establish and maintain

Answer 30

smooth interpersonal relationships

Question 31

This also influences Filipino ethics and morality, which are considered to be family centered and conservative

Answer 31

Religion

Question 32

He describes man’s self interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies

Answer 32

David Gauthier

Question 33

He described that man in his natural state is naturally selfish, leading to conflict among individuals

Answer 33

Thomas Hobbes