Basics Flashcards
Computers have their own language
Machine Language that are developed by humans
A complete set of known commands is called
Intstruction List
IL
example describe how to tie shoe
The difference, though, is that human languages developed naturally.
Moreover, they are still evolving, and new words are created every day as old words disappear.
Natural languages
Grunts to Shakespear and beyond
make up a language
ALLS
an alphabet: a set of symbols used to build words of a certain language (e.g., the Latin alphabet for English, the Cyrillic alphabet for Russian, Kanji for Japanese, and so on)
a lexis: (aka a dictionary) a set of words the language offers its users (e.g., the word “computer” comes from the English language dictionary, while “cmoptrue” doesn’t; the word “chat” is present both in English and French dictionaries, but their meanings are different)
a syntax: a set of rules (formal or informal, written or felt intuitively) used to determine if a certain string of words forms a valid sentence (e.g., “I am a python” is a syntactically correct phrase, while “I a python am” isn’t)
semantics: a set of rules determining if a certain phrase makes sense (e.g., “I ate a doughnut” makes sense, but “A doughnut ate me” doesn’t)
Instruction List
ABC
Alphabet Soup
Alphabet of computers
We need a language in which humans can write their programs and a language that computers may use to execute the programs, one that is far more complex than machine language and yet far simpler than natural language.
high-level programming languages
typing code so that HAL understands
Source Code
Files that contain source code
Source Files
source code translated once and repeated each time it is modified) and contains the machine code and is distributable worldwide.
Compilation
the program that does the translation of the code worldwide is called
Compiler
Bulldog……. worldwide
you (or any user of the code) can translate the source program each time it has to be run
INTERPRETATION
Program running the INTERPRETATION is
Interpreter
Interpreter is much like the Enigma machine that requires both the user and the end user to
Have the interpreter. If that does not happen it does not work.
Let’s assume once more that you have written a program. Now, it exists as a
Computer File
piece of text - actually piece of text - that is actually part of the source code of a
program.
each text file is like madonna
pure text - like a virgin