Cells and Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Human Nervous System?

A

-The nervous system protects organisms from harm by responding to changes in the environment.
-It includes the brain, the spinal cord, and the neurons.

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2
Q

What is The Synapse?

A

-Synapses are gaps between neurons. Nerve impulses must travel across these gaps
-The electrical impulse reaches the end of the neuron before the synapse. This triggers the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters.
-The neurotransmitters diffuse (move down a concentration gradient) across the synapse.
-The neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the next neuron.
-The presence of the neurotransmitter causes the production of an electrical impulse in the next neuron

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3
Q

What is The Cell Body in a Neuron?

A

Part of the neuron cell that contains sub-cellular structures like the nucleus.

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4
Q

What is The Axon in a Neuron?

A

Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

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5
Q

What are The Dendrites in a Neuron?

A

Carries nerve impulses towards the cell body.

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6
Q

What is The Myelin Sheath in a Neuron?

A

This insulates the neuron, so electrical impulses travel down it more quickly.

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7
Q

What are Reflex Actions?

A

Reflex actions allow us to respond to dangerous situations rapidly and automatically. Reflex actions do not involve conscious thought.

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8
Q

Name the 3 Different Neurons and their Tasks.

A

-The sensory neurone carries the signal in the form of an electrical impulse to the central nervous system (CNS).
-The relay neurone (in the CNS) relays the electrical impulse from the sensory neurone to the appropriate motor neurone.
-The motor neurone is another type of nerve cell that carries the electrical impulse from the CNS to an effector.

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9
Q

What is an Effector?

A

An effector is a muscle or gland that brings an action in response to the internal or external environment.

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10
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

This can be any change in the environment to which the body needs to respond.

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11
Q
A
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