risk factors, causes and symptoms CP1 Flashcards
risks associated with anaemia
- pre term birth
- IUGR
- fetal hypoxia
- 50% increase in PPH risk
symptoms of anaemia
dizziness
increased respiratory rate
tachycardia
inflammation or soreness of the tongue
symptoms of superficial VTE
redness, tenderness and swelling along vein
symptoms of VTE getting worse / pulmonary embolism
increased / unmanageable pain
unilateral oedema
shortness of breath
fever
unable to bear weight on affected leg
redness spreading
asthma pathophysiology
bronchoconstriction
airway inflammation
mucus impaction
stimuli causes inflammation leading to broncho-constriction, hypersecretion of mucosa and mucosal oedema, making ventilation difficult, reducing air intake and external respiration leading to tissue hypoxia.
uncontrolled asthma increases the risk of what possible complications?
- PIH
- pre-eclampsia
- congenital abnormalities
- IUGR
- Preterm labour
triggers (stimuli) for asthma attacks
- allergies
- respiratory infections
- exercise
- anxiety and stress
- environmental toxins / stimuli such as pollen
complications in pregnancy from PCOS
- GDM
- PIH
- PET
- LGA
- Preterm labour
- miscarriage
considerations or actions for a high BMI woman in labour
- positions / being mobile - use the features of the bed
- swiss ball
- utilise support people for mobilisation
- encourage getting up to the shower for pain relief
- wireless ctg or ctg stickers
- water-birth contraindicated
Post caesarean considerations for a high BMI woman
more prone to infection, haemorrhage and thrombosis.
- turn regularly to avoid pressure sores
- early mobilisation - if not moving lower legs
- take out catheter to encourage mobilisation
- more frequent observations of MEWS and lochia
- breastfeeding support
- wound care, changing dressing, assessing site.
- educating about keeping wound clean and dry and educating about signs of infection such as redness, pus, swelling, fever.
- advise about safe movement post caesarean section
Diabetic preconception or booking appointment: information sharing
- BGL control and its importance
- strategies for controlling BGL
- insulin demands and expectations
- collaborative referral: transfer
- antenatal colostrum harvesting
- induction of labour
- increased BGL monitoring in labour
- growth chart - scans and fundal height
- folic acid 5mg (NTD)
- consider aspirin and calcium
what is the most common disease that causes hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
manifestations of hyperthyroidism
- increased BMR
- heat intolerance
- weight-loss despite increased appetite
- tachycardia
- irritability
- fatigue
- muscle cramps
untreated hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is associated with?
- pregnancy loss or pre-term birth
- PET
- IUD
- IUGR
- neonatal graves disease
- thyroid storm (crisis)
renal changes in pregnancy
- increased kidney size
- increased GFR
- waste products are cleared more effectively
- increased sodium retention - increased plasma
- activity increases when laying down especially left lateral