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(year 2) exam cards (collab, newborn, osce topics) > risk factors, causes and symptoms CP1 > Flashcards

risk factors, causes and symptoms CP1 Flashcards

1
Q

risks associated with anaemia

A
  • pre term birth
  • IUGR
  • fetal hypoxia
  • 50% increase in PPH risk
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2
Q

symptoms of anaemia

A

dizziness
increased respiratory rate
tachycardia
inflammation or soreness of the tongue

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3
Q

symptoms of superficial VTE

A

redness, tenderness and swelling along vein

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4
Q

symptoms of VTE getting worse / pulmonary embolism

A

increased / unmanageable pain
unilateral oedema
shortness of breath
fever
unable to bear weight on affected leg
redness spreading

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5
Q

asthma pathophysiology

A

bronchoconstriction
airway inflammation
mucus impaction

stimuli causes inflammation leading to broncho-constriction, hypersecretion of mucosa and mucosal oedema, making ventilation difficult, reducing air intake and external respiration leading to tissue hypoxia.

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6
Q

uncontrolled asthma increases the risk of what possible complications?

A
  • PIH
  • pre-eclampsia
  • congenital abnormalities
  • IUGR
  • Preterm labour
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7
Q

triggers (stimuli) for asthma attacks

A
  • allergies
  • respiratory infections
  • exercise
  • anxiety and stress
  • environmental toxins / stimuli such as pollen
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8
Q

complications in pregnancy from PCOS

A
  • GDM
  • PIH
  • PET
  • LGA
  • Preterm labour
  • miscarriage
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9
Q

considerations or actions for a high BMI woman in labour

A
  • positions / being mobile - use the features of the bed
  • swiss ball
  • utilise support people for mobilisation
  • encourage getting up to the shower for pain relief
  • wireless ctg or ctg stickers
  • water-birth contraindicated
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10
Q

Post caesarean considerations for a high BMI woman

A

more prone to infection, haemorrhage and thrombosis.

  • turn regularly to avoid pressure sores
  • early mobilisation - if not moving lower legs
  • take out catheter to encourage mobilisation
  • more frequent observations of MEWS and lochia
  • breastfeeding support
  • wound care, changing dressing, assessing site.
  • educating about keeping wound clean and dry and educating about signs of infection such as redness, pus, swelling, fever.
  • advise about safe movement post caesarean section
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11
Q

Diabetic preconception or booking appointment: information sharing

A
  • BGL control and its importance
  • strategies for controlling BGL
  • insulin demands and expectations
  • collaborative referral: transfer
  • antenatal colostrum harvesting
  • induction of labour
  • increased BGL monitoring in labour
  • growth chart - scans and fundal height
  • folic acid 5mg (NTD)
  • consider aspirin and calcium
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12
Q

what is the most common disease that causes hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease

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13
Q

manifestations of hyperthyroidism

A
  • increased BMR
  • heat intolerance
  • weight-loss despite increased appetite
  • tachycardia
  • irritability
  • fatigue
  • muscle cramps
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14
Q

untreated hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is associated with?

A
  • pregnancy loss or pre-term birth
  • PET
  • IUD
  • IUGR
  • neonatal graves disease
  • thyroid storm (crisis)
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15
Q

renal changes in pregnancy

A
  • increased kidney size
  • increased GFR
  • waste products are cleared more effectively
  • increased sodium retention - increased plasma
  • activity increases when laying down especially left lateral
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16
Q

acute renal failure

A
  • severely compromised or halted renal function > ischemic nephrons > necrosis
  • reversible by dealing with the cause
  • if it is pregnancy related it may be due to ; PET, haemorrhage, infection.
17
Q

chronic renal disease

A

progressive renal damage as a result of another disease process such as hypertension, diabetes, recurrent infection.
- inability to excrete metabolic wastes (electrolytes, urea, creatinine, acids and bases)
- waste products build > acidosis > affects other organs
- BP^ in attempt to move more blood though kidneys, which causes further damage to the kidneys

18
Q

renal disease midwifery care:

A
  • PET prophylaxis (aspirin and calcium)
  • ensure woman remains primary focus of care
  • promote normality
  • explanations, reassurance and informed consent
  • multi-D care: obstetrics and nephrologist (transfer)
19
Q

renal lab investigations

A
  • CBC, urea and electrolytes, creatinine, cultures
  • MSU - cultures and PCR
20
Q

complications of a primary herpes infection in pregnancy:

A
  • high risk of miscarriage or preterm birth
  • indicated for caesarean section
  • primary infection close to vaginal delivery = 57% transmission rate to baby
21
Q

midwifery actions for herpes

A
  • inspect lesions - take viral swab to confirm
  • if active, offer referral for consultation
  • offer / prescribe antiviral medication
  • discuss birth implications
22
Q

Hepatitis B symptoms

A
  • fever
  • abdominal pain (swollen liver)
  • joint pain
  • jaundice
23
Q

midwifery actions and considerations for Hep B

A
  • antiviral med (not prescribed by us) if high viral load
  • no FSE or FBS or ARM in labour (open wounds of baby)
  • wash baby after birth (before any injections)
  • administer immunoglobulin (before BF)
  • notify medical officer of health
  • educate about breastfeeding - safe if immunoprophylaxis given
24
Q

transfer categories for Hep B

A
  • chronic or acute, active = consultation
  • chronic, active and on immunosuppressants = transfer
25
Q

what is myasenthia gravis

A

an auto-immune disease that causes weakness of the skeletal muscle including the face. The first 2 years from diagnosis is usually the worst - not recommended to conceive in this time.

26
Q

symptoms of MG:

A
  • drooping eyelids
  • double vision
  • trouble breathing and swallowing
  • weak limbs
27
Q

symptoms of MG are exacerbated by:

A
  • stress
  • pregnancy
  • thyroid disease
  • infection
28
Q

MG implications for pregnancy:

A
  • increased risk of preterm labour (medication can cause contractions)
  • more difficulty in second stage resulting in assisted delivery
  • can be passed onto baby - baby has weak muscles - poor feeding.

(year 2) exam cards (collab, newborn, osce topics) (6 decks)

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