evolution 1

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

Fertilized egg cell

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

A reproductive animal/plant cell

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

Alleles are a pair of genes (1 from each parent) that control the same trait. A pair of alleles can be heterozygous meaning they both differ, or homozygous meaning they’re both the same.

Question 3

What causes variation? What eliminates the ability for variation to occur?

Answer 3

1. Mutations in DNA sequence 2. Meiosis produces new combo of alleles 3. Sexual reproduction which gives a zygote genes from both its parents - Asexual reproduction produces cloned cells, means no variation can occur.

Question 4

Nonsense mutations

Answer 4

Nonsense mutations cause a gene to not function properly or at all.

Question 5

Missense mutations

Answer 5

Missense mutations cause variations that benefit the organism.

Question 6

Silent mutations

Answer 6

Silent mutations are when a mutated codon still codes for the same amino acids so no change occurs.

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

Natural selection means that only the best adapted individuals will pass on their genes to the next generation.

Question 8

Genetic drift

Answer 8

A genetic drift refers to the allele frequency within a species changing over time as a result of natural selection.

Question 9

Transitional fossils

Answer 9

Transitional fossils are fossils that show links between ancestral groups.

Question 10

Selective breeding

Answer 10

Selective breeding is the process of humans trying to artificially breed the organisms with the best traits so the generational lineage retains those desired traits

Question 11

Homologous structure

Answer 11

A homologous structure refers to two things being similar in structure/evolutionary origin, but not function.

Question 12

Analogous structure

Answer 12

An analogous structure refers to the function of two things being similar, but not structure/evolutionary origin.

Question 13

Adaptive radiation

Answer 13

Adaptive radiation is a form of microevolution that involves organisms rapidly diverging from their original species.

Question 14

Divergent evolution

Answer 14

Divergent evolution is when 2 species have similar structures, but they function in different ways.

Question 15

Convergent evolution

Answer 15

Convergent evolution is when 2 unrealted species evolve similar structures used for similar functions.

Question 16

Speciation

Answer 16

Speciation occurs when a group within a species becomes so genetically different they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

Question 17

Discontinuous variations

Answer 17

Discontinuous variations are controlled by a few genes and not influenced by the environment (e.g. human blood type)

Question 18

Continuous variation

Answer 18

Continuous variation are controlled by many genes and are influenced by the environment (e.g. human height)

Question 19

Balanced polymorphism

Answer 19

Balanced polymorphism is where this is an equilibrium between the two variations of a gene.

Question 20

Transient polymorphism

Answer 20

Transient polymorphism is where one allele variation dominates the gene pool.