UNIT III C. The Nursing Theories Pt. 2 Flashcards
They are from the United States. They both earned their first diplomas in nursing, then Bachelor’s degrees in Nursing education before continuing to graduate programs.
Their career as nursing academics got started in the 1950s when they were both employed at Catholic University where they met. They continued to work together and remained friends for the next 40 years.
Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad
They later continued on to their doctorate degrees in the 1960s. Dr. ___ did her graduate work at Johns Hopkins and Dr. ___ did hers at Catholic University.
In the mid-fifties, they were both employed at The Catholic University and were assigned the task of working together to create a new program that would encompass the community health and psychiatric component of the graduate program.
Paterson
Zderad
Subsequently, they developed a collaboration and dialogue and friendship that have lasted for almost 40 years.
They retired in 1985 and moved South where they are currently enjoying life. Although they are no longer active, they are pleased at the on going interest in their theory.
Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad
___ is a mutual subjective interaction between nurse and patient and is a response to the situation which aims at facilitating recovery. It is characterized by empathy, respect for human dignity, altruism, patient autonomy, friendly environment, and holistic care.
Humanistic nursing
___ is when a nurse and patient come together. The nurse presents themselves as a helper ready to assist the patient. The nurse is open to understanding how the patient feels with the intention of improvement. Openness is an essential quality for humanistic nursing dialogue.
Nursing Dialogue
___ is the lived perception of the world around the nurse and patient.
It could be the hospital room, the bed, the waiting room, the visiting area, or any other space in which the interaction takes place.
Space
The ___ can enhance or impede the nursing dialogue based on how comfortable the participants feel and how well the space encourages communication.
physical environment
___ is another component of space, but it is more personalized; it belongs to the patient or nurse and is highly subjective.
It relates to “where I feel I belong or am”. A person may feel out of place or may feel at home or welcomed in the place. The nurse may feel comfortable here while the patient does not.
Place
In this stage, the nurse acts as an investigator who willingly takes risks and has an open mind. The nurse must be a risk-taker and be willing to experience anything. “Accepting the decision to approach the unknown openly”.
Preparation of the Nurse Knower For Coming to Know:
In this stage, the nurse tries to understand the other, as in the “I-thou” relationship, where the nurse as the “I” does not superimpose themselves on the “thou” of the patient.
Nurse Knowing of the Other Intuitively:
The nurse as the observer must observe and analyze from the outside. At this stage, the nurse goes from intuition to analysis. The analysis is the sorting, comparing, contrasting, relating, interpreting, and categorizing
Nurse Knowing the Other Scientifically:
The ability of the nurse to develop or see themselves as a source of knowledge, to continually develop the nursing community through education, and to increase understanding of their owned learned experiences.
Nurse Complementarily Synthesizing Known Others:
In this stage, the nurse takes the information gleaned and applies it in the practical clinical setting. Here the nurse takes brings the dilemma towards resolution.
Succession Within the Nurse From the Many to the Paradoxical One:
PERSON: Humans are viewed as open energy fields with special life experiences. As energy fields, they are greater than and different from the sum of their parts and cannot be predicted from knowledge of their parts. Human beings are viewed as being holistic in nature, are special, dynamic, aware, and multidimensional, capable of abstract thought, creativity, capable of taking responsibility.
Josephine Peterson and Loretta Zherad Humanistic Nursing
“HEALTH” is valued as necessary for survival and is often proposed as the goal of nursing. There are, in actuality, many instances of nursing that could be described as “health-restoring,” “health-sustaining,” or “health-promoting.” Nurses engage in “health teaching” and “health supervision.”
Josephine Peterson and Loretta Zherad Humanistic Nursing
The ENVIRONMENT represents the place where the service is delivered, the community, or the world. The environment can be understood as the time and space in which the nursing experience takes place. From the existential perspective, it is the time and space as lived by the nurse and/or patient during the experience.
Josephine Peterson and Loretta Zherad Humanistic Nursing
NURSING is a “lived experience between human beings”. It is an evolving, affecting, and helping relationship in which the patient and nurse engage in a dialogue. The nurse must therefore modify her/his response in offering a genuine presence.
Josephine Peterson and Loretta Zherad Humanistic Nursing
