Chapter 4, Morphology

Question 1

Can act as a head.
Consist of (N) nouns, (A) adjectives, (Adv) adverbs, (V) verbs, and (P) prepositions.

Answer 1

Lexical category

Question 2

make new ‘words’ out of old ‘words. An affixational process that forms a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its base.

Answer 2

Derivation

Question 3

creates forms of the same ‘word’ (e.g., the -s in books marks the plural subclass).

Answer 3

Inflection

Question 4

the smallest piece of word that has a meaning

Answer 4

Morpheme

Question 5

To define a morpheme, gather the following information

Answer 5

1. The form(s) of the morpheme
2. What kinds of words it attaches to, and how
3. What kinds of words it makes, i.e. what meaning it contributes

Question 6

forms that relate to each other but are slightly different.

Answer 6

Allomorph

Question 7

central morpheme of a word

Answer 7

Root

Question 8

any form to which an affix attaches

Answer 8

Stem

Question 9

morphemes other than roots

Answer 9

Affix

Question 10

morphemes that can attach before the root

Answer 10

Prefix (un-, in-, anti-)

Question 11

morphemes that can attach after the root

Answer 11

suffix (-ed, -ness, -s)

Question 12

goes inside the root

Answer 12

Infix (not in english)

Question 13

can stand by themselves as an individual word, like dog, walk…

Answer 13

free morpheme

Question 14

are not free (adding something like un (unhappy, unwell…))

Answer 14

bound morpheme

Question 15

a morpheme with a clear meaning such as book or un- (meaning not). can be a free or bound morpheme

Answer 15

content morpheme

Question 16

A morpheme that modifies the meaning of a word but does not supply the root meaning of the word.

Answer 16

function morpheme

Question 17

taking two words together. Therefore, it creates something new where the second noun used in the compound is based/tied to the first noun (e.g., fire + engine).

Answer 17

Compounding

Question 18

duplicating the whole word, or part of the word (reduplication) to change the semantic meaning.

Answer 18

Duplication

Question 19

alter a word’s internal structure. Steal → stole, make → made

Answer 19

internal change

Question 20

Cases where you randomly substitute one sequence of phonemes for another (Eg. go and went)

Answer 20

Suppletion

Question 21

relates to the correspondence between words in a sentence

Answer 21

Agreement