Kingdom (Domain) Bacteria Blue Green Bacteria and Algae

Question 1

prokaryotic is before nucleus whats the diffrence between in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

– No membrane-bound organelles
– No nucleus
– Smaller
– Ribosomes different
– Call walls differ

Question 2

Endosymbiosis theory: Blue-green bacteria

Answer 2

Blue-green bacteria were the
precursors to chloroplasts of red algae (similar
pigments including phycobilins)

Question 3

1. Class Cyanobacteriae Blue green Bacteria)
   C) Metabolism:*Photosynthesis

Answer 3

»no chloroplasts
–Have thylakoids (membranes needed for
ATP synthesis)

Question 4

1. Class Cyanobacteriae Blue green Bacteria)
   C) Metabolism: nitrogen fixing

Answer 4

• Nitrogen fixation must occur in special
  cells (heterocysts) because oxygen inhibits
  nitrogen fixation

Question 5

Prochloron
back ground info

Answer 5

*Discovered in 1976
*Lives on sea squirts
*Unicellular

Question 6

Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic

Answer 6

true nucleus
– Larger
– True nucleus
– Membrane-bound organelles

Question 7

Life in the Ocean for Protista

Answer 7

1. No true leaves, roots or stems (no vascular
   tissue) thallus = body
2. Don’t need extra support (lack lignin)
   – Exception Coleochaete (has lignin-like compounds
   for protection against microbes)
3. Constantly moving
4. Lack stomata
5. Lack a cuticle
6. Absorb nutrients directly (diffusion of gases)
7. Many motile (in at least some stages)
8. Protection from UV radiation
   (ozone layer needed to build up for
   movement to land)
9. Not large temperature fluctuations
10. Deal with salinity (mannitol in vacuole
    draws water in)
11. Light quality issues.

Question 8

Colonial division

Answer 8

(no division of labor)

Question 9

multicellular division

Answer 9

(division of labor: cells
with different functions)

Question 10

unicellular——-> colonial——>multicellular

Answer 10

simple to complex

Question 11

Chlorophyta (Green Algae) background to life cycles eveloution

Answer 11

5. Diverse life histories (life cycles)
6. Thought to be precursors to higher plants.

Question 12

A) Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
example plant

Answer 12

acetabularia
sea lettuce
hydrodictyon
volvox

Question 13

Green Algae: Ancestors of Green Plant

Answer 13

• About 400 million years ago, green algae
  began making transition from water to land.
• Gave rise to green plants

Question 14

Coleochaete
grows as what
evelution

Answer 14

– Grows as epiphyte on stems and
leaves of submerged plants
– Probably indirect ancestor of land
plants

Question 15

Coleochaete Has shared features with land plants:

Answer 15

» cells that resemble parenchyma
» development of cell plate during
cell division
» production of lignin-like
compound

Question 16

Sporocytea

Answer 16

spore mother cell

Question 17

Sporophyte

Answer 17

Diploid spore producing stage

Question 18

Spore

Answer 18

a reproductive cell that develops into a gametophyte without
uniting with another cell

Question 19

Gametophyte

Answer 19

Haploid gamete producing stage

Question 20

isogamy

Answer 20

gametes are the same size and shape

Question 20

Oogamy

Answer 20

larger, non-motile egg and smaller motile sperm

Question 21

Gametangium (pl. gametangia)

Answer 21

A cell or structure in which
gametes are produced

Question 22

Oogonium (pl. oogonia)

Answer 22

a female unicellular gametangium that
produces eggs

Question 23

Antheridum

Answer 23

the male gametangium

Question 24

Within the Chlorophyta, There Are
All 3 Types of These Life Cycles

Answer 24

Haplontic cylce
alteration if generations
diplontic cycle

Question 25

Haplontic is Most Common For

Answer 25

green algae
and is most primitive

Question 26

Diplontic cyle is

Answer 26

most advanced

Question 27

d) Diatomaceous earth

Answer 27

(remains of ancient diatoms)
* Swimming pool filters
* Toothpaste
* Insecticides
* Silver polish
* Facial scrubs

Question 28

Thallus

Answer 28

a multicellular body
without true leaves, roots, or stems (lack vascular tissue

Question 29

Thallus differentiated into

Answer 29

into holdfast, stipe,
& blades; may have gas-filled bladders

Question 30

B) Chromophyta: Brown Algae
d) Economic Importance

Answer 30

– Algin produced by giant
kelps and other brown
algae
* Ice cream, salad dressing
* Latex paint, textiles, ceramics

Question 31

C) Rhodophyta: Red Algae
a) Mostly seaweeds

Answer 31

In warmer tropical oceans;
* In deeper waters than browns
* 1984 new species found 884 feet
below surface (0.0005 % of peak
sunlight)

Question 32

C) Rhodophyta: Red Algae
d) Economic Importance:

Answer 32

– Food
* Dulse important food source during Irish potato famine
* Nori
– Carrageenan- stabilizer in foods, paints, cosmetics
– Agar from cell walls
* Culture media
* Drug capsules

Question 33

D) Phylum Dinophyta: Dinoflagellates
d) Red tides

Answer 33

Sudden multiplication of dinoflagellates

Question 34

D) Phylum Dinophyta: Dinoflagellates some produce

Answer 34

Some produce neurotoxins that kill fish and accumulate in shell
fish. Problem for dolphins, whales, and humans who eat the fish.
e) Can cause Bioluminescence

Question 35

heterotrophic

Answer 35

Some are autotrophic carry out photosynthesis,
but can also grow in the dark on a carbon source

Question 36

pellicle

Answer 36

plasma