Biology Test over "Tour of the Cell"

Question 1

Types of cells

Answer 1

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 2

What prokaryotic and eukaryotic have in common?

Answer 2

1. Bound by a selective barrier (plasma membrane)
2. Semi-fluid, jellylike substance within membrane (cytosol) in which organelles are found
   3.Have chromosomes
3. Ribosomes

Question 3

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

-No Nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane-bound organelles
-Cytosol bound by the plasma membrane
-Small

Question 4

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

-DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Cytosol in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
-Large

Question 5

List the cell organelles

Answer 5

-Mitochondrion
-Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
-Ribosomes
-Vacuole
-Chloroplasts
-Cell membrane
-Centriole
-Vesicle
-Nucleolus
-Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Plastid
-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-Chromoplast
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Lysosome
-Centrosome
-Vesicles and vacuoles
-The Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Characteristics of plasma membrane

Answer 6

consists of both lipids and proteins

Question 7

Characteristics of nucleus

Answer 7

contains most of the cell’s genes and is usually the most conspicuous organelle

Question 8

Function of ribosomes

Answer 8

carry out protein synthesis in the cyrosol and outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope

Question 9

Functions of Rough ER

Answer 9

-Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins
-Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
-Is a membrane factory for the cell

Question 10

Functions of Smooth ER

Answer 10

-synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies poison
-stores calcium

Question 11

Functions of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 11

-Modifies products of the ER-wrapping proteins with fat
-Manufactures certain macromolecules-lipids
-Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 12

Functions of lysosome

Answer 12

-Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
-Lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the molecules
-Lysosomes also enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules

Question 13

Function of central vacuole

Answer 13

Found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

Question 14

Function and description of mitochondria

Answer 14

-Mitochondria are nearly all eukarotic cells
-They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae
-The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
-Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalysed in the mitochondrial matrix
-Cristae presents a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATD

Question 15

Function and description of chloroplast

Answer 15

-The chloroplast is a member of a family of organelles called plastids
-Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis
-Chloroplasts are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and in algae.