Lecture 3 Models Of Communication

Question 1

What are the models of communication?

Answer 1

George gerbner model (1956)

Theodore Newcomb model (1953)

Westley and MacLean’s model (1957)

Question 2

Who is gerbner?

Answer 2

George Gerbner is a Professor and Head of the Annenberg School of Communications, in the University of Pennsylvania.

Question 3

What year is gerbner model?

Answer 3

1956

Question 4

What attempt did Gerber model try to make

Answer 4

He produced an attempt at a general-purpose model of communication.

Question 5

Whose skeleton work did Gerbner model take?

Answer 5

It was considerably more complex than Shannon and Weaver’s but still took their linear process model as its skeleton.

Question 6

What are the two dimensions Gerbner proposed dimensions in the communication process of communication?

Answer 6

•Perceptual Dimension
•Means and control dimension.

Question 7

Define perpetual dimension

Answer 7

E: a real life event
Perceived by M: man or machine
Perceived portion is E1

Question 8

Three factors that involve between M and E in perpetual dimension?

Answer 8

Selection: selection by M
Context: event that occurs
Availability: mood M Is when selecting

Question 9

Define means and control dimension

Answer 9

E2: content drawn by M
Changed to signal: S
Taken as SE2 to someone else

Question 10

What is the main advance of gerbner model?

Answer 10

•Relates message to the reality it is about. and thus enables us to approach questions of perception and meaning.
• it sees the communication process as consisting of two alternating dimensions—the perceptual or receptive, and the communicating or means and control dimension.

Question 11

Horizontal dimensions is the processes in perceptual dimensions?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Vertical dimension is the process in means and control dimension?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

If M is a machine, the selection is determined by its engineering?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

If M is a human, however, the selection is more complex.

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What is meaning?

Answer 15

meaning’ in this sense derives from the matching of external stimuli with internal concepts.

Question 16

Gerbner model focuses on?

Answer 16

The model also focuses on
•o How a message is created?
•o How a message is controlled?

Question 17

What does SE mean?
What does S mean?
What does E mean?

Answer 17

SE (statement about event)
S (signal)
E(event)

Question 18

What does gerbner model emphasize on?

Answer 18

dynamic nature of human communication and the various factors that influence communication reliability.
•In other words, the model focuses on the importance of context in communication.

Question 19

Newcomb’s model is what year?

Answer 19

1953

Question 20

Newcomb model introduced use to what?

Answer 20

It is triangular shape (abx)

Question 21

What is Newcomb’s main significance and role

Answer 21

Its main significance: the first of our models to introduce the role of communication in a society or a social relationship.
•For Newcomb this role is simple—it is to maintain equilibrium within the social system.

Question 22

What are A B and X

Answer 22

A is the communicator
B is the receiver
X is part of their social environment

Question 23

Is ABX a system and how does it work

Answer 23

ABX is a system, which means that its internal relations are interdependent

Question 24

Is A and B message and X the topic?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Who introduced newcombs model?

Answer 25

The New Comb’s model of communication was introduced by Theodore M Newcomb of the University of Michigan in 1953

Question 26

What is Newcomb (1953) - ABX Model based on?

Answer 26

psychological view of communication.

Question 27

What balance is newcombs model based on?

Answer 27

Based on the concept of balance between one’s attitudes and beliefs and those that are important to an individual.

Question 28

If the balance is disturbed, what can be used to restore it?

Answer 28

communication is used to restore it.

Question 29

Where does Newcomb see communication from?

Answer 29

social psychology view.

Question 30

What orientation does ABX system content?

Answer 30

A to B orientation
A to X orientation
B to A orientation
B to x orientation

Question 31

Does Newcomb include message as a separate entity in his diagram?

Answer 31

He does not include the message as a separate entity in his diagram, implying it only by use of directional arrows.

Question 32

What year is Westley and MacLean’s model?

Answer 32

1957

Question 33

What model did Westley and Maclean adopt and for what?

Answer 33

Newcomb’s ABX

They adopt it specifically for the mass media.

Question 34

What new element did Westley and Maclean introduce?

Answer 34

new element, C,
which is the editorial communicating function: that is, it is the process of deciding what and how to communicate.

Question 35

Who suggested Westley and Maclean model?

Answer 35

Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication was suggested by Bruce Westley and Malcolm S. MacLean Jr. in 1957.

Question 36

Which two context can the Westley and MacLean’s model be applied ?

Answer 36

•interpersonal
•mass commuication

Question 37

what is the point of difference in the Westley and MacLean’s model two contexts

Answer 37

•Feedback is direct and fast in interpersonal communication
and
•indirect and slow in mass communication.

Question 38

Does Westley and Maclean model differentiate messages as purposive and non purposive?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Is Westley and Maclean model two dimensional and doesn’t explain communication?

Answer 39

Yes