Study Unit 2: Motivation Process Based Theories, Behavior, Job Design And Other

Question 1

According to Goal Setting Theory, performance improves when goals are

Answer 1

1) Specific rather than general
2) Difficult rather than easy
3) Accepted by Employees rather than imposed by others

Question 2

According to Goal Setting Theory, goals are motivators because they

Answer 2

1) Focus on specific results
2) Require continuous effort to achieve
3) Are incentives for developing strategies and action plans

Question 3

Expectancy theory is based on the thought process that involves

Answer 3

1) Subjective expectations of rewards
2) Beliefs as to what is valuable
3)Expectations of receiving these rewards if efforts is exerted

Question 4

Expectancy theory addresses individualized

Answer 4

1)motivations
2) Perceptions of the probability of success

Question 5

What is the purpose of job enlargement

Answer 5

Intended to reduce boredom in repetitive or fast paced jobs through the assignment of a variety of simple tasks as part of one job

Question 6

What is the purpose of Job enrichment

Answer 6

Structures jobs so that each worker participates in planning and controlling. The purpose os satisfaction of social and ego needs and avoidance of routine work,

Question 7

Job enrichment should produce what three critical psychological states

Answer 7

Meaningfulness
Responsibility for work outcomes
Knowledge of actual work outcomes

Question 8

What is Employee growth-need strength

Answer 8

The last building block of the job characteristics model. The district need for growth and development

Question 9

According to the Job characteristics model, jobs are enriched by improving the following core job dimensions

Answer 9

Skill Variety (talent diversity)
Task Identity (completion of an entire work product)
Task Significance (effect on other people)
Autonomy (level of discretion over how work is done)
Feedback (receipt of information about performance)

Question 10

Expectancy of performance is high if

Answer 10

An individual perceives that (s)he has the ability, experience, resources, and opportunities to perform. But if it is low, motivation is also low.

Question 11

Expectancy of outcome is high if

Answer 11

An individual perceives that performance leads to desirable outcomes (rewards). But if it is low, motivation also is low.

Question 12

What is Valence

Answer 12

Valence is the value an individual assigns to outcomes. Motivation varies directly with valence.

Question 13

Positive reinforcement is

Answer 13

Providing a reward for a desired behavior.

Question 14

Avoidance learning (negative reinforcement) is

Answer 14

The removal of a negative effect on prior behavior. The avoidance of unpleasant consequences increases the probability that the new and preferable behavior will be repeated.

Question 15

Punishment imposes negative consequences for unacceptable behavior and must be

Answer 15

1) immediate corrective action must be taken to establish and reinforce appropriate behavior.
2) delaying punishment may invite further instances of unacceptable behavior

Question 16

Define extinction

Answer 16

Extinction withholds a reward. The theory is that a behavior that is not positively reinforced eventually ceases.

Question 17

Social Learning theory is based on what

Answer 17

The idea that observation of the behavior of other may be motivational.