Medico-legal investigation of Death to Death under Special Circumstances

Question 1

Stages of Medico-Legal Investigation

Answer 1

1. Crime Scene Investigation
2. Autopsy

Question 2

It is the conduct of processes, more particularly, the recognition, handling, preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include the identification and interview of witnesses and the arrest of suspect’s at the crime scene, the manner the criminal act was executed, and such other things that may be useful in the prosecution of the case.

Answer 2

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Question 3

Place where the essential ingredients of the criminal act took place

Answer 3

CRIME SCENE

Question 4

Methods of Conducting a Search

Answer 4

1. Strip Method
2. Double Strip or Grid Method
3. Spiral Method
4. Wheel/Ray Method
5. Zone Method

Question 5

The area is blocked out in the form of a rectangle. The searcher proceeds slowly at the same pace along the path parallel to one side of the rectangle.

Answer 5

STRIP METHOD

Question 6

This search is a modification of the strip search method. The searchers will traverse first parallel to the base and then parallel to the side

Answer 6

DOUBLE STRIP OR GRID METHOD

Question 7

The searchers follow each other in the path in the spiral manner beginning from the center towards the outside or vice versa.

Answer 7

SPIRAL METHOD

Question 8

The searchers gather at the center and proceed outwards along radii or spokes.

Answer 8

WHEEL/RAY METHOD

Question 9

Whole area is divided into subdivisions or quadrants and search is made in the individual quadrants

Answer 9

ZONE METHOD

Question 10

A comprehensive study of a dead body, performed by a trained physician employing recognized dissection procedure and techniques. It includes removal of tissues for further examination.

Answer 10

AUTOPSY

Question 11

Golden Rule in conducting criminal investigation

Answer 11

Do not touch, alter, move or transfer any objects at the crime scene unless it is properly marked, measure, schetch or protograph

Question 12

Purpose of Golden Rule in conducting criminal investigation

Answer 12

Avoid alteration, contamination of physical evidence found at the crime scene

Question 13

It indicates that in addition to an external examination the body is open and internal examination is conducted.

Answer 13

AUTOPSY

Question 14

it refers to an external examination of a dead body without incision being made, although blood and other body fluids may be collected for examination

Answer 14

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION

Question 15

Kinds of Autopsy

Answer 15

a. Hospital or Non-official Autopsy
b. Medico-legal or Official Autopsy

Question 16

Requested by hospital doctors to provide more information about illness, cause of death or further medical research purposes

Answer 16

HOSPITAL or NON-OFFICIAL AUTOPSY

Question 17

The judicial officer request for responsible for the investigating of death in certain situations

Answer 17

MEDICO-LEGAL or OFFICIAL AUTOPSY

Question 18

After all efforts, including gross and microscopic studies and toxicological analyses, fail to reveal a cause of death. It is an autopsy which after a meticulous examination with the aid of other examinations does not yield any definite cause of death

Answer 18

NEGATIVE AUTOPSY

Question 19

An autopsy wherein no cause of death is found on account of imprudence, negligence, lack of skill or lack of foresigla of the examiner.

Answer 19

NEGLIGENT AUTOPSY

Question 20

Animal bites, injection marks, electrical necrosis may be overlooked in a hasty external examination

Answer 20

Failure to make a thorough external examination

Question 21

Condition of the organs, presence of air in pneumothorax or bubbles of air in the circulatory system may remain unnoticed by the pathologist

Answer 21

Inadequate or improper internal examinations

Question 22

Tissue blocks may not be taken in the proper areas, poor preparation of
the microscopic slides and improper lighting during the process of examination may lead to an erroneous interpretation

Answer 22

Improper histological examination

Question 23

A qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic materials or its metabolites must be shown. Sometimes difficulty is encountered by the forensic chemist because of the lapse of time and rapid elimination of the drug

Answer 23

Lack of toxicological or other laboratory aids.

Question 24

The examiner must have had vast experience in autopsy investigation and must have the capacity to distinguish pathological changes in the body tissues.

Answer 24

Pathologist incompetence

Question 25

It is the injury, disease or the combinazion of both injury and disease responsible for initiating the the trend or physiological disturbance, brief or prolonged, which produce the fatal termination. It may be immediate or proximate

Answer 25

CAUSE OF DEATH

Question 26

The explanation as to how the cause of death came into being or how the cause of death arose

Answer 26

MANNER OF DEATH

Question 27

This applies to cases when trauma disease kill quickly that there is no opportunity for sequelae or complications to develop

Answer 27

IMMEDIATE (PRIMARY) CAUSE OF DEATH

Question 28

The injury or disease was survived a sufficiently prolonged interval which permitted the development. of serious sequelae which actually caused the death

Answer 28

THE PROXIMATE (SECONDARY) CAUSE OF DEATH

Question 29

Medico-legal classification of the cause of death

Answer 29

a. Natural Death
b. Violent Death

Question 30

This is death caused by a natural disease condition in the body. The disease may develop spontaneously, or it might have been a consequence of physical injury inflicted prior to its development. If a natural disease developed without the intervention of the felonious acts of another person, no one can be held responsible for the death

Answer 30

NATURAL DEATH

Question 31

Death are those due to injuries inflicted in the body hy some forms of outside force. The physical injury must be the proximate cause of death

Answer 31

VIOLENT DEATH

Question 32

Penal classification of Violent Death

Answer 32

1. Accidental Death
2. Negligent Death
3. Suicidal Death
4. Parricidal Death
5. Infanticide death
6. Murder
7. Homicidal Death

Question 33

Death due to misadventure or accident. An accident something that happens outside the sway of our will, and although it comes about through some act of will, ties beyond bounds of human foreseeable consequences

Answer 33

ACCIDENTAL DEATH

Question 34

Death due to reckless imprudence, negligence, lack of skill of lack of foresight

Answer 34

NEGLIGENT DEATH

Question 35

The act of intentionally causing one’s own death.

Answer 35

SUICIDAL DEATH

Question 36

Any person who shall kill his father, mother, or child, whether legitimate or illegitimate, or any of his ascendants or descendants, or his spouse

Answer 36

PARRICIDE

Question 37

The killing of a child less than 3 days old

Answer 37

INFANTICIDE

Question 38

Any person who, not falling within the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another, shall be guilty of murder and shall be punished by reclusion temporal in its maximum period to death

Answer 38

MURDER

Question 39

when the offender commits any of the crimes against person, employing means, or form in its execution thereof which tend directly or specially to insure its execution, without risk to himself arising from the defense which the offended party may make

Answer 39

Treachery

Question 40

Any person who, not falling within the provisions of article 246 shall kill another without the attendance uf any of the circumstances enumerated in the provision of Art. 248 or Revised Penal Code

Answer 40

HOMICIDE

Question 41

Death under special circumstances

Answer 41

1. Death caused in a Tumultuous Affray ( Art. 251, RPC)
2. Death or Physical injuries under exceptional circumstances (Art. 247, RPC)

Question 42

Other term of Crime scene investigation

Answer 42

LOCUS CRIMINIS