atherosclerosis and cancer

Question 1

what can happen when a person doesn’t eat enough fat?

Answer 1

can cause an essential fatty acid deficiency to reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 2

what can happen when a person eats the wrong types of fat? give an example

Answer 2

chronic disease such as heart disease and cancer

Question 3

what is CHD

Answer 3

is one of the UK’s leading causes of death and the most common cause of premature death

Question 4

what happens when you have high LDL cholesterol

Answer 4

cholesterol accumulates in artery walls
increases the risk of atherosclerosis because excess LDL cholesterol in the blood can lead to the deposition of cholesterol in the artery walls

Question 5

where does atherosclerosis begin

Answer 5

with damage to the artery walls

Question 6

what do blood levels affect

Answer 6

plaque formation

Question 7

what does LDL oxidation lead to

Answer 7

cholesterol deposits

Question 8

what increases heart disease risk ? and what protects against heart disease?

Answer 8

dietary cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat
dietary unsaturated fats

Question 9

name 3 risk factors for heart disease

Answer 9

obesity
diabetes
high blood pressure

Question 10

name 3 things that increase risk with diet and heart disease risk

Answer 10

high sodium
saturated fat
trans fat

Question 11

name 3 things that decrease risk of diet and heart disease risk

Answer 11

high fibre diet
quit smoking
exercise

Question 12

what does LDL stand for ?

Answer 12

low-density lipoprotein

Question 13

what happens when a person’s diet is high in soluble fibre

Answer 13

can reproduce blood cholesterol levels

Question 14

where does fibre trap bile and what doesn’t it allow?

Answer 14

small intestine
doesn’t allow for the bile to be reabsorbed and recycled

Question 15

what organ forces to pull cholesterol from the blood to make new bile, therefore lowering blood cholesterol levels

Answer 15

the liver

Question 16

name 3 healthy plate choices

Answer 16

whole meal foods
fish
oatmeal and brown rice are good sources of soluble fibre

Question 17

what do plant sterols resemble

Answer 17

cholesterol, chemically

Question 18

what happens when consuming plant sterols? and where are they found?

Answer 18

consuming plant sterols reduces cholesterol absorption, lowering the total and LDL cholesterol levels.
plant sterols are found in vegetables, oils, nuts and seeds

Question 19

true or false
modest consumption of dark chocolate is associated with reduced risk of heart disease. this effect is attributed to the phytochemicals in dark chocolate. does not increase blood LDL cholesterol levels

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what percentage of caners are estimated to be caused by dietary choices

Answer 20

30-40%

Question 21

what increases the risk of breast cancer and what reduces the risk

Answer 21

trans fatty acids
omega-3

Question 22

fat doesn’t make you fat…

Answer 22

too many calories do

Question 23

how does essential fatty acids help in the diet?

Answer 23

to allow the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals, and to provide energy

Question 24

most of the recommendations for fat intake are based on…

Answer 24

the percentage of fat calories in your diet