Approach to vomiting/ regurgitation Flashcards
What is acute vomiting more likely to be caused by
toxic
obstructive
inflammatory
infectious
what is chronic vomiting more likely to be caused by
chronic inflammatory
chronic infectious
metabolic/ endocrine
neoplastic
List 2 causes of acute vomiting due to the cerebral cortex
head trauma
sudden changes in ICP- inter cranial pressure
List 3 causes of acute vomiting linked to the vestibular system
motion sickness
idiopathic vesicular disease
otitis interna
List 4 causes of chronic vomiting linked to the GI tract
chronic inflammatory e.g. gastritis
mucosal insult e.g. dietary intolerance
infectious
obstructive
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation
Reg- passive motion - ejection from the oesophagus
vomiting is active - ejection of food from stomach
define dysphagia
failure to prehend/ bite and initially swallow
List 3 things that can cause dysphagia
Pain
failure of neuro-muscular control
obstruction
what failures of neuro-muscular control can result in dysphagia
cranial nerves disease (5, 7, 9, 10, 12)
CNS disease
masticatory myositis
botulism
myasthenia gravis
which breeds are predisposed to congenital megaoesophagus
Labrador
newfoundland
Shar-pei
describe the physiology of vomiting
active reflex mediated via the emetic centre that can be stimulated by the CRTZ, GIT, cerebral cortex or vestibular system
what is the CRTZ
chemoreceptor trigger zone
what acute issues can trigger CRTZ voiting
metabolic/ endocrine disease
toxins/drugs
what chronic issues can trigger cerebral cortex vomiting
neoplasia/SOL (space occupying lesions)
CNS disease
List the chronic issues that can trigger vestibular system vomiting
chronic vestibular damage
otitis interna
neoplasia
cerebellar disease
List the chronic issues that can trigger CRTZ vomiting
metabolic/endocrine disease
Describe the physiology of regurgitation
passive expulsion of food from the pharynx or oesophagus
what is masticatory myositis
antibodies form against the muscles used for mastication