acute D+

Question 1

Describe the transmission of canine parvovirus

Answer 1

faecal-oral
3-6 days incubation
virus stable in environment for years

Question 2

what does parvovirus affect in the body

Answer 2

infects rapidly dividing cells
gut, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue

Question 2

List the clinical signs of canine parvovirus

Answer 2

V+
haemorrhagic d+
rapid dehydration
depressed anorexic pyrexic
ileus
panleucopaenia

Question 2

describe how to diagnose canine parvovirus

Answer 2

signalment and clinical signs
faecal analysis - snap test
haem and bio- panleukopenia

Question 3

Describe how to manage a canine parvovirus case

Answer 3

Isolate
fluid therapy
antibiotics - broad spec
anti-emetics
pro-motility meds
antacid drugs and ulcer coating meds

Question 4

what causes Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Answer 4

mostly idiopathic
small breed dogs usually

Question 5

how does Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis tend to present

Answer 5

v+ may have blood in it
foetid D+
depression , anorexia

Question 6

describe how to treat coronavirus in dog

Answer 6

if severe= supportive IVFT and nutritional support for GI tract

Question 7

T/F you should treat bacteria when you find them in faecal sample

Answer 7

False- make sure to correlate the bacteria with the clinical signs
A lot of commensals present

Question 8

when do we tend to see campylobacter in dog

Answer 8

in young, immunocompromised animals or those with additional infectious agents (giardia, parvo ect)

Question 9

Describe the clinical signs of campylobacter in dogs

Answer 9

acute enterocolitis
d+ +/- blood/mucus
Vomiting
Straining – large intestinal “type” d+
Fever, abdominal pain

Question 10

describe how to diagnose campylobacter in dogs

Answer 10

faecal stain/culture
PCR

Question 11

what dogs does salmonella tend to affect

Answer 11

young
immunocompromised
animals with concurrent infections

Question 12

what are the 4 possible scenarios after salmonella infection

Answer 12

Transient asymptomatic diarrhoea
Acute Gastroenteritis
Carrier state
Bacteraemia

Question 13

Describe the clinical signs of salmonella

Answer 13

haemorrhagic diarrhoea, pyrexia and sepsis

Question 14

which dogs are mostly likely to be affected by ascarids

Answer 14

puppies
adults have low burdens and worm migration patterns are different

Question 15

list the signs seen with ascarids

Answer 15

failure to gain weight
pot bellied appearance
V+ SI D+
obstruction of GIT if large burdens

Question 16

describe how to treat coccidian

Answer 16

mild disease is self-limiting - if not treat with sulphonamides
treat underlying disease

Question 17

describe how to treat crypto in dogs

Answer 17

Dietary manipulation and neutraceuticals
Antibiotics of limited benefit – tylosin, azithromycin and paromomycin

Question 18

Describe how to treat giardia

Answer 18

Fenbendazole and metronidazole

Question 19

describe how to diagnose giardia

Answer 19

faecal smear evaluation
SNAP test
immunofluorescence assay

Question 20

is Tritrichomonas foetus more likely to affect dogs or cats

Answer 20

cats

Question 21

describe how to diagnose Tritrichomonas foetus

Answer 21

microscopy, culture or PCR

Question 22

describe how to treat Tritrichomonas foetus

Answer 22

ronidazole
need to also affect environment- GIT health

Question 23

What metabolic disease can cause acute diarrhoea?

Answer 23

Hypoadrenocorticism

Question 24

What anatomic disease can cause acute diarrhoea?

Answer 24

Intussusception FB

Question 25

T/F Mixed infections as the cause of acute diarrhoea carry worse CS and disease

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What viruses can cause acute diarrhoea?

Answer 26

Parvo Corona Adeno Rotavirus

Question 27

What bacteria can cause acute diarrhoea?

Answer 27

Salmonella Campylobacter E.coli Clostridium (perfringens and difficile) S

Question 28

What protozoa can cause acute diarrhoea?

Answer 28

Giardia Tritrichomonas

Question 29

What does HGE diarrhoea look like?

Answer 29

Brown water

Question 30

How are HGE cases managed?

Answer 30

Fluid therapy Antimicrobial Colloid/plasma/whole blood

Question 31

What does four quadrant antimicrobial cover mean?

Answer 31

Gram-positive Gram-negative Aerobes Anaerobes

Question 32

T/F Feline parvo is transmitted, diagnosed and treated in the same way as canine parvo

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What organ does dog coronavirus mainly impact?

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

T/F Campylobacter is a commensal in dogs

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What type of diet increases the chance of Salmonella infection?

Answer 35

raw

Question 36

What type of clostridia are normal commensals?

Answer 36

C.perfrigens C.difficile

Question 37

T/F E.coli is not a normal commensal and faecal isolate

Answer 37

False it is

Question 38

What protozoa should you always test for in progressive diarrhoea?

Answer 38

Giardia

Question 39

How is giardia transmitted?

Answer 39

Faeco-oral

Question 40

What protozoal parasite is strictly large intestine?

Answer 40

Tritrichomonas

Question 41

What is the benefit of adsorbants in acute diarrhoea cases?

Answer 41

Absorb toxins Bind water Coat or protect mucosa Bind flora

Question 42

What is the function of peridale granules?

Answer 42

Increases the bulk of intestinal contents Promotes peristalsis Easy passage of soft stool

Question 43

What are the indications for the use of peridale granules?

Answer 43

Management of infected anal sacs Control of stool consistency following surgery Constipation

Question 44

What is the most common example of a combined pre and probiotics product?

Answer 44

Prokolin

Question 45

What are the two types of antimotility drugs?

Answer 45

Opiates Spasmolytics

Question 46

What opiate is most commonly used as an anti-motility?

Answer 46

Loperamid / morphine

Question 47

What does using morphine lead to in the acute diarrhoea case?

Answer 47

constipation

Question 48

What species of animal should opiates as an anti-motility drug not be used in?

Answer 48

cat

Question 49

T/F Prokinetics are rarely indicated in acute diarrhoea

Answer 49

true

Question 50

What are examples of prokinetics?

Answer 50

Metoclopramide Erythromycin Ranitidine Lidocaine

Question 51

On haematology, what is the most common reason for polycythaemia?

Answer 51

dehydration

Question 52

How to treat clostridia infections

Answer 52

metronidazole

Question 53

does the presence of a pathogenic bacteria on faecal culture confirm bacterial enteritis

Answer 53

No

Question 54

when do we treat salmonella or campylobacter infections

Answer 54

if severe sepsis is present and we have cultured the faeces

Question 55

How to diagnose parsites

Answer 55

faceal exam

Question 56

how to diagnose cryptosporidium infections

Answer 56

faecal smear immonflouresence assay PCR

Question 57

define prebiotics

Answer 57

selevite substrate used by beneficial species that can alter the intestinal flora

Question 58

define probiotics

Answer 58

living organisms that exert benefit beyond nutrition

Question 59

indications for antimicrobial use

Answer 59

helicobacter infectious diarrhoea loss of GI mucosal integrity neutropaenia/immunosuppression