Vomiting, Gastric, Intestinal and beyond Flashcards
List the signs of a GI obstruction
severe nausea
abdominal pain
lack of faeces
vomiting
List 5 history questions to ask when trying to rule out obstructive disease
always ask about scavenging/ foreign bodies/ diet
diarrhoea in puppies/kittens
BCS - condition loss is concern in chronic disease
faecal output- if normal then obstruction is less likely
other signs of disease e.g. PU/PD
If vomiting is acute but the dog is fine in itself what do we do
symptomatic treatment
give a GI diet
gastro-protectants and anti-emetics
describe GI diet
high bioavailability of protein
easily digestible carbs and fats
low fibre (both slow gastric emptying)
What do you do if Acute vomiting and none-responsive to symptomatic treatment
DON’T continue with drugs and symptomatic and send home
look and see if other clinical signs developing
consider obstructive again- re-evaluate
What do you do if Acute vomiting and none-responsive to symptomatic treatment- with D+/ changes in faecal output
consider faecal samples for bacteria, viral parasitic disease
What do you do if Acute vomiting and none-responsive to symptomatic treatment- with PUPD
Biochemistry to assess for renal or hepatic disease e.g. Acute Kidney Injury
What do you do if Acute vomiting and none-responsive to symptomatic treatment- with neuro signs
Cranial nerve deficits/changes in vision -> cerebral disease
Ataxia/head tilt -> vestibular system (check the ears)
What do you do if Acute vomiting and none-responsive to symptomatic treatment-with pyrexia
Look for the infectious/inflammatory focus -> POCUS, haematology, biochemistry
What can cause chronic vomiting with weight loss
chronic enteropathies
Chronic hepatic, renal or endocrine disease
Neoplasia
chronic pancreatitis
List the 4 most common neoplasias of the GI tract
Adenocarcinoma
Leiomyosarcoma and GIST
Lymphoma
Polyps
What is the most common tumour of the stomach and large intestine
Adenocarcinoma
also affects small intestine
Lust the clinical signs seen with Adenocarcinoma
vomiting blood- may look like coffee granules - gastric
ribbon like faeces- SI and colonic
Describe how to treat adenocarcinomas
surgical excision +/- draining lymph nodes
what is the prognosis for adenocarcinomas
Gastric- 6 months
SI 4-18 months
Colorectal 2-4 years