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Chemistry > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

According to the collision theory what affects the rate of reaction

A

high temp
powder»solid because it provides a larger surface area
pressure/concentration–>more particles in a fixed volume so there is higher chance of successful collisions

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2
Q

how do catalysts affect the rate of reaction

A

lowers activation energy—>easier for reactions to take place

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3
Q

describe le chateliers principle

A

whenever a change in conditions introduced to a system at equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift to cancel out the change

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4
Q

how do you work out the rf value

A

distance moved by spot/distance moved by substance

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5
Q

test for hydrogen gas

A

squeaky pop test

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6
Q

test for oxygen gas

A

relights glowing splint

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7
Q

test for co2 gas

A

turns lime water(alkaline sodium hydroxide) cloudy

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8
Q

test for chlorine gas

A

bleaches damp litmus paper

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9
Q

name the atmospheric gasses and their percentage abundance

A

co2=0.04
o2=21
nitrogen=78

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10
Q

name the early atmospheric gases

A

ammonia(NH3)
methane
co2
water vapour

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11
Q

name 3 greenhouse gases

A

water vapour
methane(CH4)
co2

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12
Q

Hydrogen peroxide symbol

A

H2O2

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13
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

-OH

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13
Q

sulfate ion

A

SO4-2

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13
Q

Nitrate ion

A

NO3-

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14
Q

Carbonate ion

A

CO3-2

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15
Q

Ammonium ion

A

NH4+

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16
Q

Describe bio leaching

A

Add bacteria to water with metal dissolved in it, after absorbing the bacteria they then leach it out(bacteria piss with metal inside it)

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17
Q

Describe Phytomining

A

plant a plant in metal rich soil, plants absorb the metal ions we then cut the plant burn it and carry out electrolysis on its ashes

18
Q

what do life assessments consider

A

energy
materials used
production
use of product
disposal of product

19
Q

separation techniques

A

chromatography
Distillation(removes solute from solvent)
filtration(insoluble particles)

20
Q

what does the group number tell you

A

number of electrons on the outershell

21
Q

what does the row(period) tell us

A

number of shells

22
Q

what happens to metals when they bond

A

give out electrons

23
Q

what happens to non metals when they bond

A

take electrons

24
Q

what happens to the reactivity of group one (alkali)as you go down

A

the reactivity increases, because the outer electron is further from the nucleus so it is easier to loose it and reach a full outershell

25
Q

what does the bottom number represent on a chemical symbol

A

atomic number(proton number)number of protons/electrons

25
Q

what happens to the reactivity of group 7(the halogens) as you go down

A

the reactivity decreases as the outer shell is further way from the nucleus, so electrons are not accepted as easily

26
Q

what does the top number represent on a chemical symbol

A

mass number= protons and neutrons in the nucleus

26
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

the bonding between a metal and a non metal. Metal donates electrons to non metal.
metal becomes a positive ion while non metal becomes a negative ion

27
Q

what is covalent bonding

A

non metals sharing electrons as they cannot give any
electrons needed=covalent bonds made

27
Q

what are fullerenes

A

a type of carbon with cage like structures and tubes based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms
first one discovered was the buck minister fullerene(C60)

28
Q

what is graphite

A

an allotrope of carbon. Only forms 3 bons therefore there will be one delocalised electron
hexagons arranged in giant layers
there is no covalent bonds between the layers, therefore weak intermolecular forces and layers can slide over each other
therefore can conduct thermal energy and electricity

29
Q

what is graphene

A

most reactive form of carbon
great conductor of electricity
one single layer of graphite

30
Q

what are carbon nanotubes

A

cylinder fullerenes
high tensile strength
used to reinforce composite materials
drug delivery in body
lubricants
catalysts

31
Q

what is metallic bonding

A

atoms form a lattice ions surrounded by a see of free delocalised electrons

31
Q

metal+oxygen(oxidation)

A

metal oxide

31
Q

what are polymers

A

carbon based molecules made by joining monomers together to make long chains

32
Q

metal/metal oxide+water

A

metal hydroxide(alkali)+hydrogen

33
Q

acid+metal hydroxide

A

salt+water(neutralisation)

34
Q

avogadros constant

A

6.02*10^23

35
Q

what is the formula for the number of moles

A

mass/ar or mr

36
Q

formula for concentration

A

amount solute g/volume of solution dm^3

amount of solute g/volume cm^3*1000

37
Q

what ions do acids give out

A

H+

38
Q

exothermic

A

energy released

39
Q
A
40
Q
A

Chemistry (10 decks)

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