GBH Flashcards
GHB is classified as a CNS Depressant (but at low doses can have slightly stimulant effects; Oliveto, et al., 2010)
GHB is classified as a CNS Depressant (but at low doses can have slightly stimulant effects; Oliveto, et al., 2010)
Orally(most common),
Snort (insufflation/inhalation)
Inject(lease common)
(Abdulrahim and Bowden-Jones, 2015)
Names: G, Liquid Ecstasy, Gina, Cherry, Cherry meth, Liquid E, Gamma G, Firewater, Fantasy, Caps, Cherry Fx Bombs, G-Riffic, Georgia Homeboy, Blue Nitro…
Orally(most common),
Snort (insufflation/inhalation)
Inject(lease common)
(Abdulrahim and Bowden-Jones, 2015)
Names: G, Liquid Ecstasy, Gina, Cherry, Cherry meth, Liquid E, Gamma G, Firewater, Fantasy, Caps, Cherry Fx Bombs, G-Riffic, Georgia Homeboy, Blue Nitro…
Some suggest 8hrs some 4hrs (Single oral dose 4.5g healthy adults ; Borgen, et al., 2003)
Some suggest 8hrs some 4hrs (Single oral dose 4.5g healthy adults ; Borgen, et al., 2003)
GHB neuronal action
GHB is naturally occurring so therefore exogenous GHB can attach to multiple targets in the CNS.
Interaction and binding to receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
GABA a: mediates chloride intake of the cell: fast inhibitory signals.
GABA b: Slow more prolonged inhibitory signals
Works on interneurons to allow for the release of dopamine (Dose can change this and there is a difficult interplay with glutamatergic release as with alcohol so its is more complex than this)
Works on interneurons to allow for the release of dopamine (Dose can change this and there is a difficult interplay with glutamatergic release as with alcohol so its is more complex than this)
Postulated NT enhancement and reduction in the brain
Postulated NT enhancement and reduction in the brain
Brain sites of interest (Kashem et al., 2021)
Hippocampus
Prefrontal Coretx
Septum, Amygdala
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Corpus callosum
GHB (Pereira, et al., 2020)
In small doses (millilitres) GHB produces feelings of:
Relaxation
Confusion
Heightens sexual arousal
Euphoria
Will evolve into a state of sedation and altered consciousness when higher doses are used
Muscle Spasms and involuntary movements
Vomiting
Irregular depressed breathing
Steep dose-response relationship, meaning the difference between experiencing euphoria and losing consciousness is a matter of a few drops
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF GBH
DOSE DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF GBH
Long -term effects(van Amsterdam et al., 2012; Pereira et l.,2018)
Addiction
Withdrawal
Hyper excitable effects
Memory deficits and dysfunction (working memory & spatial memory)
Liver dysfunction (liver cirrhosis)
Rebound blood pressure (hypertension)
Long -term effects
GHB Withdrawal Symptoms Can Include The Following:
Hallucinations
Delirium
Insomnia
Tremors
Anxiety
Paranoia
Muscle cramping
Fast heartbeat
Increased blood pressure
