musculoskeletal system- LO4

Question 1

what are 5 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

• protect organs
• allows movement
• provides structure and shape
• supports muscles and organs
• blood cell production as blood cells are made in bone marrow

Question 2

what is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 2

protects the end of the bones from rubbing together

Question 3

what is the function of the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 3

plates of cartilage which allow growth in children

Question 4

what is the function of cancellous spongy bone?

Answer 4

it is where red blood cells are made

Question 5

what is the function of the marrow cavity?

Answer 5

where the white blood cells are made

Question 6

what is the function of the periosteum?

Answer 6

ligaments and tendons attach to this

Question 7

what is the function of the compact bone?

Answer 7

gives strength to the hollow partss of the bone

Question 8

what is red bone marrow?

Answer 8

contains mainly hematopooietic stem cells, the ones that are responsible for making new blood cells

Question 9

what is yellow bone marrow?

Answer 9

contains mainly mesenchymal stem cells, the ones that are responsible for making fats and more bone cells

Question 10

what is the function of the haversian canal (insdide compact bone)?

Answer 10

contains the bones blood vessels and nerve fibres

Question 11

what is the function of the osteocyte (inside compact bone)?

Answer 11

cells which are responsible for remodelling and repairing bones

Question 12

what is the function of the canaliculi (inside compact bone)?

Answer 12

small canals running through the bone solid matrix which supply nutrients and remove cellular waste

Question 13

what is a joint?

Answer 13

where two or more bones meet

Question 14

what are the three main joints?

Answer 14

• synovial (freely moveable)
• cartilaginous (semi-moveable)
• fibrous (immovable)

Question 15

evaluate a pivot joint

Answer 15

• moves across two planes
• neck
• moves outwards and inwards (internal and external)
• a cylinder shaped bone rotates inside another ligament that forms a ring around the joint

Question 16

evaluate a hinge joint

Answer 16

• knee and elbow
• flexion and extension
• where two bones meet and result in movement along a single plane

Question 17

evaluate a saddle joint

Answer 17

• thumb
• felxion, extension, abduction and adduction
• allows movement across two planes

Question 18

evaluate a ball and socket joint

Answer 18

• shoulder and hip
• allows movement in one direction
• the ball slides, rolls and spins within the socket to allow for movement of the joint

Question 19

evaluate a condyloid joint

Answer 19

• wrist joints, carpals, radius
• flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 20

evaluate a gliding joint

Answer 20

• ankle, wrist
• composed of two smooth surfaces that slide over one another
• up and down, left and right and diagonally

Question 21

what is a tendon?

Answer 21

connects bone to muscle

Question 22

what is a ligament?

Answer 22

connects bone to bone

Question 23

what is synovial membrane?

Answer 23

makes synovial fluid

Question 24

what is synovial fluid?

Answer 24

helps lubricate the joint

Question 25

what is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 25

cushions the joint and prevents friction and stops bones rubbing together

Question 26

what is a joint capsule?

Answer 26

prevents wear and tear on the bones