Colloids and interfaces in the environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 phases of matter?

A

Solid (definite shape and volume)
Liquid (take container shape, fixed volume)
Gases (shape and volume of container)

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2
Q

What 2 things can happen to substances when transitioning between phases?

A

Increased temp- faster particle, pushed apart
Attractive force- stickiness, pull together

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3
Q

What is a colloid?

A

Mixture of 2 phases of matter

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4
Q

What are some examples of colloids?

A

Liquid aerosols
Solid aerosols
Liquid foam
Emulsions
SOL (solid liquid)
Solid foam
Gel
Solid sol

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5
Q

What is a SOL? (colloid)

A

solid particles dispersed in a liquid

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6
Q

What are some examples of SOLs? (colloid)

A

Paint
Starch
Tea in water
Soapy water

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7
Q

What is a gel or solid emulsion?

A

continuous network of solid particles dispersed in liquid (e.g., jellies)

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8
Q

How will colloidal solutions appear?

A

milky

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9
Q

What is the particle diameter range in colloids?

A

1-1000nm

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10
Q

What does not happen with colloid particles?

A

don’t settle to bottom of container and cannot be removed by filtering

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11
Q

What is the Tyndall effect?

A

a way to distinguish a colloid from solution by shining a light through as the large particles in the colloid will scatter light

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12
Q

What other particles are around the size of colloids?

A

Smaller then bacterium
Larger then protein
Around size of virus

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13
Q

What does PM stand for?

A

particulate matter

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14
Q

What are the 3 main types of pm size?

A

10
2.5
0.1

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15
Q

What is the most dangerous type of pm?

A

0.1 as ultrafine and can make it to alveoli and into bloodstream while 10 only trachea and 2.5 bronchioles

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16
Q

How can soils be colloids?

A

pore in between soil particles fill with water in sand there is bigger void while clay is more platy

17
Q

What properties can vary between soils?

A

swelling
shrinkage
and contribution to aggregate stability

18
Q

What will tend to organic compounds in soil because of their large surface area?

A

will usually sorb onto or into soil colloids

19
Q

In what industries are colloids used?

A

Effluent treatment (flocculant)
Paint industry
Food
Cosmetics and toiletries
Detergent industry
Pharmaceutical industry
Agriculture

20
Q

What is a micelle?

A

Particle of colloidal dimensions that exists in equilibrium with the molecules or ions in solution which it formed

21
Q

What are micelle polymers like?

A

Organized self-assembly formed in a liquid
and composed of amphiphilic macromolecules, made of
hydrophilic (like water) and hydrophobic (hate water) blocks

22
Q

What is the reason why water isnt at gas at current earth temp and atmospheric pressure?

A

due to H bonds

23
Q

Why dont water and oil mix?

A

oil is hydrogen and carbon little unpaired to interact with water

24
Q

How can oil and water be forced to mix?

A

by adding energy e.g, stirring
but re-separation will occur

25
Q

When can be added to oil and water to form a bridge between the 2?

A

Surface active molecule or surfactant

26
Q

What does a surfactant do?

A

sit on the interface of oil and water and stabilises the mixture

27
Q

What can surfactants be used to remediate?

A

oil spills by pulling oil down into water

28
Q

What are the positives of using surfactants for oil spills?

A

oil broken down into smaller blobs which are more available to micro organisms

29
Q

What problem can arise from using surfactants?

A

they are a chemical which alter surface tension and waters H bond

30
Q

What can affect the effectiveness of using surfactants on oil spills?

A

Viscosity (thickness) of the oil
Wind speed
Wave height & frequency
Interferes with other methods