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30019- Molecules to Materials: deconstructing the environment > Carbon chemistry 1 > Flashcards

Carbon chemistry 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry referring to?

A

the chemistry of carbon

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2
Q

What is the atomic weight of carbon?

A

12

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3
Q

What is carbon the basis of?

A

all known living organisms
fuel combustion

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4
Q

How many known compounds containing hydrogen and carbon are known of by chemists?

A

7 million

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5
Q

What type of bond forms between carbon atoms?

A

strong covalent bonds

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6
Q

What forms can the covalent bonds between carbons be found in?

A

single
double
triple

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7
Q

What ways can carbon atoms be arranged?

A

Straight chains
Branched chains
Rings

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8
Q

What are functional groups? (carbon atoms)

A

Other atoms/groups of atoms can be
placed on the carbon atoms

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9
Q

Why can functional groups be placed onto carbon atoms?

A

as they can be placed in different positions on the carbon skeleton

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10
Q

What are the 2 main classes of carbon compound?

A

Aliphatic
Aromatic

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11
Q

Where did the aromatic carbon class get its name?

A

The original chemists noticed a sweet aroma which lined up with those carbon compounds with double bonds

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12
Q

What are aliphatic carbon compounds?

A

only contain single bonded carbons

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13
Q

How can aliphatic carbons be sub-divided?

A

Acyclic - no ring formed
Alicyclic - form rings

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14
Q

What are the simplest molecules that are composed of just C and H?

A

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes

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15
Q

What is a Homologous series?

A

a family of compounds whose formulae differ by a constant component

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16
Q

What are the 4 smallest base families of carbon hydrogen?

A

Methane - CH4
Ethane- C2H6
Propane (camping gas)- C3H8
Butane- C4H10

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17
Q

What are the carbon hydrogen names with the number of carbon atoms?

A

Pentane- 5
Hexane- 6
Heptane- 7
Octane- 8
Nonane- 9
Decane- 10
Undecane- 11
Dodecane- 12

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18
Q

What are isomers?

A

compounds that have the same molecular
formula, but different molecular structures

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19
Q

What happens to the number of isomers as the length of carbon chain increases?

A

more structural isomers are possible

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20
Q

How many isomers can decane have?

A

75

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21
Q

What is rule one for naming alkanes? (carbon chain)

A

identify the longest carbon chain

22
Q

What is step 2 for naming alkanes? (naming branches)

A

identify branches then suffix ending “yl” for number of carbons:
1- methyl
2- ethyl
3- propyl
etc…

23
Q

What is step 3 for naming alkanes? (branch postion)

A

the position of the branch on the longest chain is used the lowest number of carbon atoms to get to the branch

24
Q

What do you do if there if there is more than one branch with the same name when naming alkanes?

A

use prefixes:
di = 2
tri = 3
tetra = 4

25
Q

What are alkanes?

A

all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds

26
Q

What is the equation for working out the number of hydrogen and carbon in an alkane?

A

CnH2n+n

27
Q

What are alkenes?

A

At least 2 carbon atoms are joined by a double bond

28
Q

What is the equation for working out the number of hydrogen and carbon in an alkene?

A

CnH2n

29
Q

What are alkynes?

A

At least 2 carbon atoms joined by triple bond

30
Q

What is the equation for working out the number of hydrogen and carbon in an alkynes?

A

CnH2n-2

31
Q

What are the important functional groups?

A

Alcohol
Ester
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Amine
Aldehyde

32
Q

What is the functional group suffix for alkane?

A

-ANE

33
Q

What is the functional group suffix for alkene?

A

-ENE

34
Q

What is the functional group suffix for alkyne?

A

-YNE

35
Q

What is the functional group suffix for alcohol?

A

-OL

36
Q

What is the functional group suffix for aldehyde?

A

-AL

37
Q

What is the functional group suffix for ketone?

A

-ONE

38
Q

What is the functional group suffix for acid?

A

-OIC acid

39
Q

What is the behaviour of alkanes like?

A

Not very reactive
Long life in atmosphere

40
Q

What is the environmental effect of of alkanes?

A

GHG- climate change

41
Q

What is the behaviour of alkenes?

A

Very reactive due to double bond

42
Q

What is the environmental effect of alkenes?

A

Intermediate in photochemical smog production through the reaction with O3

43
Q

What is the tetrahedral bond angle?

A

109.5*

44
Q

What is VSEPR?

A

Valance Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
Can be used to determine molecular geometry

45
Q

Why does carbon have 4 bonds?

A

as it has 4 valance electrons

46
Q

What can atomic orbitals combine to form?

A

an equal number of hybrid atomic orbitals, whose properties (magnitude / orientation) reflect the constituent AOs

47
Q

How are aromatics formed?

A

Formed from sp2 hybridised carbon atoms joined in a (usually) 6-membered ring

48
Q

What do aromatic molecules have? (electrons)

A

delocalised electrons

49
Q

What is the most simple example of an aromatic molecule?

A

benzene - C6H6

50
Q
A

30019- Molecules to Materials: deconstructing the environment (29 decks)

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