Chapter 10

Question 1

Property Crime

Answer 1

is the broad range of offences involving property, including breaking and entering, fraud, theft, and motor vehicle theft. Most common form of criminal activity documented in official statistics. Theft under $5000 is the most common type.

Question 2

What are the five major conventional forms of property crime?

Answer 2

1. Break and enter 2. Fraud and identity theft 3. Theft
2. Motor vehicle crime 5. Arson

Question 3

Break and enter

Answer 3

-a form of property crime that involves the illegal entry or attempt to trespass into a building or dwelling without permission and with the intent of committing a theft or an act of vandalism
-it does not have to involve theft
-the difference between robbery and B&E in canada is the presence, or lack of presence, of a person to person confrontation

Question 4

What are the 3 categories of breaking and entering?

Answer 4

1. Residential
2. Business
3. Non-residential private structures, such as detached garage, sheds, and storage and transportation facilities

Question 5

What may the significant drop the significant drop in cases of B&E reported police be due to?

Answer 5

The increasing use and improved quality of security devices and services. Fedorowycz suggest that rising insurances deductibles could also result in fewer incidents being reported to police.

Question 6

Crime Clearance rates

Answer 6

the proportion of reported crimes solved by police - often tell us something about the nature of a crime and how effective crime prevention or intervention strategies are. Clearance rate for property crime in 2020 was 27.3%

Question 7

B&E: Rational Choice Theory

Answer 7

posits that the offender weighs the potential costs and rewards of the act against the likelihood of being caught. More likely to happen in urban areas because you can pawn stuff

Question 8

Fraud

Answer 8

the unlawful use of cheating or deception to obtain something of value

Question 9

Identity Theft

Answer 9

the act of illegally obtaining an individual’s personal info for criminal purposes

Question 10

Identity Fraud

Answer 10

the illegal use of the name and personal info of another person (living or dead) for fraudulent purposes

Question 11

True or false: identity theft is now a separate criminal offence

Answer 11

true

Question 12

True or false: the people charged with fraud are generally younger then those accused of other property crimes, such as breaking and entering

Answer 12

False, they’re older

Question 13

Why do most forgers commit fraud?

Answer 13

Out of economic need. They tend not to be involved in other forms of property crime. They also tend to be older than most property offenders

Question 14

True or False: most frauds are carried our by individuals or small groups, but they are increasingly attributed to organized crime

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Theft

Answer 15

a property crime that involves the unlawful taking of properly of a service that belongs to an individual or a business, typically without any intention of returning it. Theft does not involve the use or the threat of force or overt deception.

Question 16

How does theft vary?

Answer 16

according to patterns of social and economic factors across the country

Question 17

What are the two types of theft?

Answer 17

1. theft of an individual’s personal property
2. theft from a business establishment

Question 18

Why do people steal?

Answer 18

Any explanation of theft must consider cultural as well as individual factors. Breakdown of order in society (riot or natural disasters can lead to looting); anomie. Current sentencing dispositions are a not a deterrent.

Question 19

Motor vehicle crime

Answer 19

is a broad range of offences involving a car, truck, or SUV, including theft of a vehicle but also theft from a vehicle and criminal damage to a vehicle. Committed for the purpose of joyriding, short - or long - term transportation, profit, and/or commission of another crime.

Question 20

What are the four new Criminal Code offences to control vehicle theft?

Answer 20

1. Motor-vehicle theft (s. 333.1)
2. Altering, removing or obliterating a vehicle identification number (s. 353.1)
3. Trafficking in property obtained by crime (s.355.2)
4. Possession of property obtained by crime for the purpose of trafficking (s. 355.4)

Question 21

Motor vehicle fact

Answer 21

In 2017, thefts of vehicles in Canada were more common than cases of theft over $5000, with a rate of 232 per 100,000 versus the theft over rate of 47 per 100,000. Decreased by 24% in 2020

Question 22

What factors contribute to the decline in vehicle crime?

Answer 22

Automakers have target-hardened their vehicles. Efforts such as the Bait Car Program and Project No Free Ride. 2010 Criminal Code amendments to make for stiffer penalties Prevention strategies such as On Star and GPS tracking devices.

Question 23

Explanations for motor vehicle crime

Answer 23

-Symbolic value of status (esp. for youth)
-Recreation
-Transportation(possibly while committing another crime)
-Profit (most committed by organized crime groups)-study suggest youth grow out of MVC, not because of the law

Question 24

Arson

Answer 24

A form of vandalism that involves the destruction of one’s own or another’s property through the use of fire or an explosion. Arson can be committed on another person’s property or on your own. Once considered a form of vandalism, arson has increased in frequency and seriousness to the point where it has now been defined as its own offence. Far less common than theft or other types of property or economic crime.

Question 25

Arson fact

Answer 25

Men and boys are fat more likely to be charges with arson than women and girls. The median age of male fire-setters is 19, and form women it is 33.