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KIN 225 > review questions > Flashcards

review questions Flashcards

1
Q

why is the whippet so oversized

A

He has a myostatin deficicency . Myostatin halts satellite cells and thereby controls muscle hypertrophy. myonucleillite cells go unchecked, they continue to multiply, become new myonuclei which results in increased protein synthesis (muscle hypertrophy)

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2
Q

unlike most types of cells muscle fibers contain many of these

A

nucleus

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3
Q

“building blocks of protein”

A

amino acids

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4
Q

copying part of a strand of DNA

A

transcription

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5
Q

a molecule that encodes your genes

A

DNA

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6
Q

making protein from a message from your nucleus

A

translation

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7
Q

the molecule that delivers this message

A

mRNA

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8
Q

events in protein synthesis in order

A

exercise activates a gene sequence on DNA

mRNA copies a message from DNA

Transcription

mRNA leaves the nucleus

amino acids match up with mRNA

translation

phenotype is changed

a protein is degraded

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9
Q

what type of protein is synthesized from
strength training

A

contractile

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10
Q

what type of protein is synthesized in
endurance training

A

mitochondria = oxidative enzymes

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11
Q

true or false
as one ages the decrease in muscle fiber area is greater than the decrease in muscle fiber #

A

false
decreases fiber area 20-30% fiber # decrease 48%

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12
Q

true or false
slow twitch muscle fiber area decreases with age

A

false
slow twitch maintains

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13
Q

true or false
fast twitch muscle fiber area decrease with age

A

false
starts decreasing at age 15

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14
Q

true or false
fibre # dont start decreasing until approx 20-25 years of age

A

false
start decreasing at age 15

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15
Q

true or false
fiber area shows most decline after the age of 70

A

true

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16
Q

which type of muscle contraction can generate the most force
eccentric
concentric
isometric

A

eccentric

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17
Q

isokinetic

A

constant velocity

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18
Q

isotonic

A

constant force

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19
Q

concentric

A

contraction where muscle shortens

20
Q

eccentric

A

contraction type important for sport training

21
Q

isometric

A

constant muscle length
contraction type used to perform the iron cross hold on the gymnastics rings

22
Q

training by overloading your muscle during eccentric contractions is very beneficial for building muscle strength
and mass

what is one side effect that beginners may experience when training with eccentric contractions?

A

DOMS- delayed onset muscle soreness

23
Q

weight training is a form of “isotonic” or “isokinetic” training

A

isotonic

24
Q

type of contraction
lifting phase of a weight training exercise

A

concentric

25
Q

type of contraction
lowering phase of a weight training exercise

A

eccentric

26
Q

type of contraction
stabilizing muscle groups in weight training exercises

A

isometric

27
Q

a football team has a practice on Thursday and a games scheduled for Saturday. at the end of the Thursday practice the coach has the players run up and down a steep hill (40 meters) 10 times (a drill they have never down before). what training error has the coach made? fully explain answer

A

Downhill running is eccentric - if never done this before it causes DOMS 24-48 hours after

28
Q

shift with training FG (fast glycolytic)
mitochondria
capillaries
myoglobin

A

less for all

29
Q

shift with training FOG (fast oxidative glycolytic)
mitochondria
capillaries
myoglobin

A

more for all

30
Q

high load/ low rep training

capillary to fiber ratio and mitochondrial number ________
fibre area_ _________
capillary and mitochondrial density __________

A

stays the same
increases
decreases

31
Q

moderate load/ higher rep

capillary to fiber ratio and mitochondrial #————-
fiber area __________
capillary and mitochondrial density __________

A

increase
increase
stays the same

32
Q

what does increased capillarization result in

A

As capillaries increase in number, the velocity of blood flowing past the muscle decreases

This allows a greater diffusion of oxygen from hemoglobin in blood to the muscle cell

33
Q

the 7 training principles

A

Specificity
Progressive overload
Stress-rest
symmetry
Contraction-control
ceiling principle
variety

34
Q

measurement of strength

__________ is the linear measurement of strength

____________ is the angular measurement of strength

A

force
torque

35
Q

flexibility
please put these three types of joints in order of least to most flexible and give an example of each
ball and socket
hinge
elliptical

A

least = hinge joint (knee)
int. - elliptical joint (wrist)
most= ball and socket (hip)

36
Q

limits to flexibility

A

Jt structure
elasticity and length
nervous system

37
Q

true or false
neural factors include more efficient neural recruitments

A

true

38
Q

true or false
neural factors include more decreased CNS activation

A

fasle

39
Q

true or false
neural factors include more improved motor unit coordination

A

true

40
Q

true or false
neural factors include more lowered neural inhibitory reflexes

A

true

41
Q

true or false
neural factors include more excitation of GTO

A

false

42
Q

increase in number of muscle fibers is

A

hyperplasia

43
Q

increase in size of fiber area is

A

hypertrophy

44
Q

can hyperplasia and hypertrophy both occur in humans

A

yes

45
Q

strength training in humans result primarily in

A

hypertrophy

46
Q

the training in which mesocyclone most closely mimics the sport __________

A

competition phase

47
Q

the training in which mesocycle is often termed active recovery________

A

second transition phase

KIN 225 (10 decks)

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