Introduction To Medicinal Products

Question 1

What is pharmaceutics?

Answer 1

The process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design.

Question 2

Question: What is the pharmaceutical primary steps?

Answer 2

Pharmaceutics involves the process of taking a drug from discovery to dosing, encompassing drug synthesis, scale-up, production, formulation, manufacturing, supply, and dosing administration.

Question 3

Question: Describe Step 2 in the pharmaceutics process.

Answer 3

Answer: Step 2 involves administering the medicine in the correct way, at the correct dose, and with all the associated quality parameters.

Question 4

Question: What factors are considered in drug properties within pharmaceutics?

Answer 4

Answer: Drug properties include physico-chemical aspects such as solubility, polarity, ionization (acid, bases, neutral, pKa), chemical stability, and chirality.

Question 5

Question: What aspects are covered under medicine properties in pharmaceutics?

Answer 5

Answer: Medicine properties in pharmaceutics encompass formulation, chemical/physical/microbiological stability, and supply/manufacture.

Question 6

Question: Explain the relevance of biopharmaceutics in patient-medicine interactions within pharmaceutics.

Answer 6

Answer: Biopharmaceutics, including pharmacokinetics (how the body deals with the drug), plays a crucial role in understanding the interaction between patients and medicines.

Question 7

Question: What does pharmacodynamics focus on in the patient-drug relationship?

Answer 7

Answer: Pharmacodynamics explores how the drug affects the body in the patient-drug relationship.

Question 8

Question: Highlight the challenges associated with clinical trials in pharmaceutics, especially concerning patient diversity.

Answer 8

Answer: Clinical trials face challenges with patient diversity due to factors like age, gender, location, and culture, making it difficult to generalize results.

Question 9

What are medicines?

Answer 9

Medicines are drug delivery systems:
Administration of drug(s) into body in a safe, efficient, accurate, reproducible and convenient way.

Question 10

If there is no excipients, what doe this mean?

Answer 10

Medicines = Drugs

Question 11

Question: What is an excipient?

Answer 11

Answer: Excipients are additives and are added to medicines to make them into dosage forms

Question 12

Question: Name various oral dosage forms used for medicines.

Answer 12

Answer: Oral dosage forms include solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, gels, powders, granules, capsules, and tablets (suitable for feeding tubes).

Question 13

Question: Name dosage forms for rectal administration.

Answer 13

Answer: Rectal dosage forms comprise suppositories, ointments, creams, and solutions.

Question 14

Question: Enumerate topical dosage forms for medicine application.

Answer 14

Answer: Topical dosage forms include ointments, creams, pastes, lotions, gels, solutions, topical aerosols, foams, and transdermal patches.

Question 15

Question: What are examples of parental dosage forms for administering medicines?

Answer 15

Answer: Parental dosage forms include injections, implants, and dialysis solutions, administered through routes such as intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intrathecal (IT), etc.

Question 16

Question: Name respiratory dosage forms used for inhalation.

Answer 16

Answer: Respiratory dosage forms include aerosols (solution, suspension, emulsions, powders), inhalation, sprays, and gases.

Question 17

Question: Specify dosage forms used for nasal administration.

Answer 17

Answer: Nasal dosage forms include solutions, inhalation, and ointments.

Question 18

Question: List dosage forms applicable for eye administration.

Answer 18

Answer: Eye dosage forms comprise solutions, ointments, and creams.

Question 19

Question: What are some dosage forms designed for vaginal/urethral administration?

Answer 19

Answer: Dosage forms for vaginal/urethral administration include pessaries and creams.

Question 20

Question: What is the typical onset time for medicines administered through intravenous injection?

Answer 20

Answer: Medicines administered intravenously have an onset time measured in seconds.

Question 21

Question: How long does it typically take for medicines administered through intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, buccal tablets, aerosols, and gases to take effect?

Answer 21

Answer: Medicines administered through intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, buccal tablets, aerosols, and gases generally have an onset time measured in minutes.

Question 22

Question: In terms of onset time, what is typical for solutions, suspensions, powders, granules, capsules, and tablets?

Answer 22

Answer: Medicines in the form of solutions, suspensions, powders, granules, capsules, and tablets typically have an onset time ranging from minutes to hours.

Question 23

Question: What type of formulations have a longer onset time measured in several hours?

Answer 23

Answer: Enteric coated formulations and controlled-release formulations typically have a longer onset time measured in several hours.

Question 24

Question: For which types of medicines can the onset time extend to days to weeks?

Answer 24

Answer: Implants and depot injections have an onset time extending to days to weeks.