Chp 14 Practice Q's

Question 1

Which term refers to the belief that technology is the major force shaping human society and history?
a. high-tech progress
b. technological determinism
c. Silicon Valley utopia
d. technocratic progression

Answer 1

b. technological determinism

Question 2

According to the text, which term refers to the period of time when the majority of people believed that scientific and technological advances would produce only benefits?
a. the era of naive optimism
b. the acumen era
c. the scientific era
d. the era of recklessness

Answer 2

a. the era of naive optimism

Question 3

Levi is aware that in the production of his new patented invention, there is the possibility for things to go awry. He believes that this possibility for harm is outweighed by the potential of his invention to be beneficial. Which of the following terms is used to refer to how Levi most likely views the less positive possibilities of invention?
a. invention risks
b. acceptable losses
c. normal accidents
d. design flaws

Answer 3

c. normal accidents

Question 4

Which term refers to the kind of society in which technology distributes environmental dangers unevenly across categories of the population?
a. normal
b. risk
c. unequal
d. technologica

Answer 4

b. risk

Question 5

What do the Canadian examples of Deline, Northwest Territories, and Sydney, Nova Scotia exemplify?
a. the relationship between Indigenous poverty, ill health, and environmental disaster
b. environmental racism
c. collective action against industry
d. normal accidents due to technological innovation

Answer 5

b. environmental racism

Question 6

How can environmental problems be best understood?
a. as strongly connected to scientific discovery
b. as contingent on community involvement
c. as a product of multinational corporations
d. as contested and subject to opposition

Answer 6

d. as contested and subject to opposition

Question 7

In 2019, where were 14 of the world’s 20 most polluted cities located?
a. China
b. Pakistan
c. India
d. Mexico

Answer 7

c. India

Question 8

In the context of frame alignment, what happens to individual interests, beliefs, and values in social movements?
a. They correspond to the interests of the movement leaders.
b. They contribute to increased membership in social movements.
c. They either complement the movement or they fail to do so.
d. They do not correspond to the interests of the movement leaders.

Answer 8

c. They either complement the movement or they fail to do so.

Question 9

At the Quebec City Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) protest in 2001, the government created a temporary by-law stating that no one in the vicinity of the trade talks could wear a hooded sweatshirt or a bandana or carry a gas mask. What was the government engaging in?
a. strain enforcement
b. social control
c. military repression
d. resource mobilization

Answer 9

b. social control

Question 10

Which theory is based on the idea that collective action erupts and social movements form when social structures and norms fail to operate properly?
a. solidarity theory
b. functional theory
c. conflict theory
d. resource mobilization theory

Answer 10

b. functional theory

Question 11

Which theory would support the thesis that people are most likely to rebel when rising expectations are met by an abrupt decline in social rewards?
a. anarchist
b. relative solidarity
c. strain
d. relative deprivation

Answer 11

d. relative deprivation

Question 12

According to the conflict theory of social movements, which of the following is a social condition that would allow people to turn discontent into collective action?
a. inadequate resource mobilization
b. sufficient political opportunities
c. economic disruption and political greed
d. strong social control

Answer 12

b. sufficient political opportunities

Question 13

Upset with the government’s most recent lockdown mandate, 100 000 citizens of a major city took to the streets in a peaceful protest. The police resorted to tear gas and water cannons to disperse the demonstrators. What do the actions of the police exemplify?
a. social control
b. resource mobilization
c. political opportunism
d. unjust policing

Answer 13

a. social control

Question 14

According to solidarity theory, which term refers to the process of gaining strength in disadvantaged groups?
a. staffing
b. resource mobilization
c. building means
d. knowledge base

Answer 14

b. resource mobilization

Question 15

Which group is most likely to call a strike?
a. a union in a strong economy
b. a non-union in a strong economy
c. a union during an economic recession
d. a union during an economic depression

Answer 15

a. a union in a strong economy

Question 16

Which term refers to the process of aligning individual interests, beliefs, and values with the activities, goals, and ideologies of a social movement?
a. contagion alignment
b. conformity alignment
c. frame alignment
d. groupthink alignment

Answer 16

c. frame alignment

Question 17

When was the theory of global warming first proposed?
a. 1820s
b. 1870s
c. 1950s
d. 1970s

Answer 17

a. 1820s

Question 18

Sasha had never thought of herself as an activist until she had a tour of the public school located in an upscale neighbourhood of her city. After seeing the state-of-the-art computer lab, she became outraged that the school her daughter attended did not even have computers in the classrooms. Consequently, she organized a group of parents to petition the school board for funding to construct a computer lab in their neighbourhood public school. Which concept could be used to understand Sasha’s actions?
a. class exposure
b. relative deprivation
c. civil citizenship
d. political citizenship

Answer 18

b. relative deprivation

Question 19

Which term characterizes a situation in which people act in unison to bring about or resist social, political, and economic change?
a. popular protest
b. social movement
c. collective action
d. social justice movement

Answer 19

c. collective action

Question 20

Bonito was furious because he could not get a job after immigrating to Canada, despite his education and experience obtained in his country of origin. He launched a group protest by new immigrants who were having similar problems finding good jobs that they felt they deserved. It was not hard to find others to join his cause because they all were experiencing the same phenomenon. What was the phenomenon?
a. relative deprivation
b. resource mobilization challenges
c. elite control
d. labour inequality

Answer 20

a. relative deprivation

Question 21

Which of the following is a variant of conflict theory?
a. power-balance theory
b. solidarity theory
c. state-centred theory
d. frame alignment theory

Answer 21

b. solidarity theory

Question 22

According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following would be most likely to increase strike activity in a nation?
a. a nation with a strong military presence
b. a nation with low union membership
c. a nation with low unemployment rates
d. a nation with high surveillance

Answer 22

c. a nation with low unemployment rates

Question 23

At a rally in Smalltown, Canada, Ryan spoke at great length about the unjust treatment of the employees at the ABC factory, such as eight-hour shifts with no breaks, the mandatory 12-to-14–hour workdays, and the negative impacts on family life. Although Taliba did not work at the factory, Ryan was raising issues of direct concern to her because both her dad and brother worked there. Why would Taliba join this protest?
a. as a preventive measure
b. because of Ryan’s impassioned plea
c. because of frame alignment
d. as a result of the Marxist arguments

Answer 23

c. because of frame alignment

Question 24

In which of the following are highly educated, well-to-do people who belong to social, educational, and cultural fields well represented?
a. new social movements
b. old social movements
c. nonviolent civil demonstrations
d. industrial trade unions

Answer 24

a. new social movements

Question 25

Who was responsible for initiating the #MeToo movement?
a. Alyssa Milano
b. Tarana Burke
c. Aimee Allison
d. Kimberlé Crenshaw

Answer 25

b. Tarana Burke

Question 26

According to the text, what has been the most significant factor in the development of “new social movements”?
a. globalization
b. technology
c. framing
d. resources

Answer 26

a. globalization

Question 27

What is involved in the emergence of the women’s movement, the gay rights movement, the Black Lives Matter movement, the Idle No More movement, and the #MeToo movement?
a. actions of extremists
b. support from more traditional societal groups
c. fanatics of each society who operate in the isolation of their eccentricities
d. the extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society as a whole

Answer 27

d. the extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society as a whole

Question 28

When asked how much they would be willing to pay annually to tackle climate change, which of the following was the most popular answer of the people surveyed?
a. $0
b. $1–$100
c. $101–$500
d. $500–$1000

Answer 28

a. $0

Question 29

Which aspect of Darwin’s theory of species survival did Russian naturalist and social thinker Petr Kropotkin emphasize?
a. survival of the fittest
b. competition
c. cooperation
d. motivation

Answer 29

c. cooperation

Question 29

According to the text, which statement suggests market forces alone cannot solve environmental problems?
a. Consumers are more dependent on advertising than prices that are volatile.
b. Consumers demand more corporate responsibility and adopt no personal responsibility.
c. Prices do not generate the signals that prompt necessary changes in consumer behaviour.
d. Consumers are redirected to lobbying the government instead of changing consumption patterns.

Answer 29

c. Prices do not generate the signals that prompt necessary changes in consumer behaviour.