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Exercise Physiology 2230 > LESSON 16 - heart and circulation : peripheral > Flashcards

LESSON 16 - heart and circulation : peripheral Flashcards

1
Q

when you have an increase work of muscle what does that mean for critical power and oxygen uptake ?

A

increase critical power and oxygen power

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2
Q

what does central delivery of oxygenated blood look like in regards for O2 delivery and O2 utilization ?

A

increase O2 utilization and delivery

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3
Q

what are the 5 parts of the cardiovascular system we talk about ?

A
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • venules
  • veins
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4
Q

what do arteries do ?

A

carry blood away from heart

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5
Q

what do arterioles do ?

A

control blood flow, feed capillaries

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6
Q

what do capillaries do ?

A

provide site for nutrient and waste exchange

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7
Q

what do venules do ?

A

collect blood from capillaries

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8
Q

what do veins do ?

A

carry blood from venules back to heart

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9
Q

what part of the cardiovascular system takes deoxygenated blood and brings it to be deoxygenated ?

A

capillaries

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10
Q

which part of the cardiovascular system has the highest pressure/ highest resistance ?

A

arteries

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11
Q

between arteries and veins which are “thick and hard to collapse” ?

A

arteries

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12
Q

describe arteries :

A
  • high pressure
  • conducts O2 rich blood t tissues
  • connect left ventricle to tissue
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13
Q

what do arteries and arteries connect ?

A

left ventricle to tissue

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14
Q

what do arteries and arterioles walls contain ?

A

circular layers of smooth muscle that constrict or relax to regulate peripheral blood flow

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15
Q

what are arteries and arterioles innervated by ?

A

sympathetic nervous system efferents

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16
Q

within arteries and arterioles does gas exchange occur ?

A

no gas exchange takes place between arterial blood and surrounding tissues

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17
Q

what does efferents mean ?

A

exitting heart

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18
Q

what does afferent mean ?

A

back to the heart

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19
Q

why cant gas exchange occur in arteries and arterioles ?

A

walls too thick

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20
Q

what is the only location of gas exchange ?

A

capillaries

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21
Q

describe capillaries :

A

network of microscopic blood vessels so thin they provide room for single red blood cells to squeeze through in single file

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22
Q

what products rapidly transfer across thin, porous capillary walls ?

A

gas, nutrients, and waste products

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23
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

velocity progressively ________ as blood moves toward and into capillaries

A

decreases

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24
Q

what do porous help with ?

A

allowing stiff slip through

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25
Q

what is the normal cardiac output of arterial blood in litres ?

A

4-6 liters

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26
Q

describe blood flow response to 1-leg exercise in severe intensity vs moderate intensity :

A
  • higher PO
  • greater VO2
  • not reaching study state
  • increases in proportion with oxygen uptake / utilization requirements
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27
Q

what is hemodynamics ?

A

is how your blood flows through your blood vessels

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28
Q

what is the term used to describe how your blood flows through your blood vessels ?

A

hemodynamics

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29
Q

blood flow is required by all tissues and is dependent on what two factors :

A

pressure and resistance

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30
Q

describe pressure :

A
  • force that drives flow
  • provided by heart contraction
  • blood flow from region of high pressure to region of low pressure
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31
Q

if there is no gradient what does this mean for flow ?

A

no flow

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32
Q

describe pressure :

A
  • force that opposes flow
  • provided by physical properties of vessels = cause pressure differential from arterial to venous circulation
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33
Q

what does vasoconstriction do for radius ?

A

decreases radius

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34
Q

what is the most important determinant of resistance ?

A

modification of vessel radius

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35
Q

what are the two modifications of vessel radius ?

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

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36
Q

what locations of the heart is blood flow from region of high pressure to region of low pressure

A

region of high pressure = LV & arteries
region of low pressure = RA & veins

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37
Q

how do we calculate blood flow (Q) ?

A

Q = MAP / TPR

38
Q

what does Q stand for ?

A

local blood flow

39
Q

what does MAP stand for ?

A

mean arterial pressure

40
Q

what does TPR stand for ?

A

total peripheral resistance

41
Q

what term is “taking systolic/diastolic blood pressure and finding the average”

A

MAP

42
Q

what is arterial pressure ?

A

driving pressure from the hear

43
Q

what takes longer to fill up the heart ?

A

DSP (diastolic)

44
Q

between thirds how much is diastolic vs systolic ?

A

2/3 DBP and 1/3 systolic

45
Q

what are the three things in arterial blood pressure ?

A
  • systolic pressure (SBP)
  • diastolic pressure (DBP)
  • mean arterial pressure (MAP)
46
Q

describe systolic pressure :

A
  • highest pressure in artery (during systole)
47
Q

describe diastolic pressure :

A
  • lowest pressure in artery (during diastole)
48
Q

what is the bottom number for diastolic pressure ?

A

around 70 to 80 mmHg

49
Q

what is the top number for systolic pressure ?

A

around 110 to 120 mmHg (rest)

50
Q

how do we calculate MAP ?

A

around 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP

51
Q

what does DBP stand for ?

A

diastolic blood pressure

52
Q

what does CVP stand for ?

A

central venous pressure

53
Q

what is central venous pressure ?

A

blood pressure taken in the vena cava or right atrium pressure

54
Q

what reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the right heart to pump blood into pulmonary circulation ?

A

central venous pressure

55
Q

what is the normal rages of venous blood pressure ; central venous pressure ?

A

0 - 8 mmHg

56
Q

why does systolic blood pressure go up during exercise ?

A

to direct more flow during exercise

57
Q

what does η =

A

viscosity of blood

58
Q

what does L =

A

length of vessel

59
Q

what does r^4 =

A

vessel radius

60
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

“resistance to cardiac output offered by ALL of the systemic vasculature, excluding pulmonary ___________ “

A

vasculature

61
Q

what determines resistance to cardiac output ?

A

poiseuille’s law

62
Q

how many factors are there for poiselle’s law ?

A

3

63
Q

what are the three factors of poiselle’s law ?

A
  • viscosity
  • length of conducting tube
  • radius of blood vessel
64
Q

what does vasoconstriction do for TPR ?

A

increase it

65
Q

what does a longer vessel mean for resistance ?

A

more resistance

66
Q

between the three factors of poiseuille’s law, which can only acutely change ?

A

number 3 ; radius of blood vessel

67
Q

what are known as “resistance vessels” ?

A

arterioles

68
Q

what is vasoconstriction (VC) ?

A

narrowing of blood vessels

69
Q

what is vasodilation (VD) ?

A

widening of blood vessels

70
Q

what does vasodilation mean for TPR ?

A

decrease TPR

71
Q

what does vasoconstriction mean for TPR ?

A

increase TPR

72
Q

what is responsible for the following ? :

  • control total peripheral resistance
  • site of most potent VC and VD
  • diversion of blood to regions most in need
A

arterioles (resistance vessels)

73
Q

an increase in MAP means what for TPR ?

A

decrease in TPR

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE ?

blood flows to sites where its most needed

A

true

75
Q

TRUE OR FALSE ?

regions of increased metabolism = increase blood flow

A

true

76
Q

with blood flow (at rest = 5L/min) how much % is distributed ?

A

liver, kidneys, receive = 50% of.
skeletal muscle receives = 20% of.

77
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

with blood flow (heavy exercise = 25 L/min) exercising muscles receive ___ of via VD.
- flow to liver, kidneys decrease via VC.

A

80 %

78
Q

what are resting cardiac output and leg blood flow ?

A

cardiac output = 10 L/min
leg blood flow = 4 L/min

79
Q

what are exercise cardiac output and leg blood flow ?

A

cardiac output = 25 L/min
leg blood flow = 20 L/min

80
Q

what is leg blood flow ?

A

80% of cardiac output

81
Q

what type of wall of smooth muscle do arterioles have ?

A

strong muscular wall

82
Q

what do smooth muscle use between actin and myosin to develop force tension and Ca+ serve to initiate contraction ?

A

crossbridge

83
Q

an increase intramuscular Ca+ = contraction or relaxation

A

contraction

84
Q

a decrease intramuscular Ca+ = contraction or relaxation

A

relation

85
Q

what is smooth muscle innervated by ?

A

sympathetic nerve efferents

86
Q

what is resistance through arterioles mostly determined by ?

A

the diameter of the vessel

87
Q

what’s the term for narrowing of blood vessel ?

A

vasoconstriction

88
Q

what’s the term for widening of blood vessel ?

A

vasodilation

89
Q

what causes vasoconstriction ?

A

caused by smooth muscle cell contraction

90
Q

what happens to lumen during vasoconstriction ?

A

becomes smaller (decreased radius)

91
Q

what causes vasodilation ?

A

caused by smooth muscle relaxing

91
Q

what happens to lumen during vasodilation ?

A

becomes larger (increase radius)

Exercise Physiology 2230 (21 decks)

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