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nurs 1145 > Week 6 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Week 6 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Screening tool used to test basic mobility in frail and elderly patients

A

Timed
Up &
Go

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2
Q

TUG high risk =

A

> 13.5 sec

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3
Q

Shoulder expected range

Arms forward and up
Arms behind back and hands up
Arms to side and up over head
_______

A

Touch hands behind head

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4
Q

Elbow

Inspect joint in _____ and _____ posistions

A

Flexed & Extended

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5
Q

The palm facing the ground

A

Pronation

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6
Q

palm upward

A

Supination

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7
Q

Series of hand motions and posistions that will make your hands or fingers feel numb or tingle if you have carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Phalens test

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8
Q

Tap over the carpal tunnel of the wrist.

Test is positive if tingling is felt in the thumb, index, middle, and lateral half of the ring finger

A

Tinel’s test

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9
Q

Pressing upwards medially near the knee than Pressing downwards laterally on the knee

Describes this test

What is a positive sign

What does a positive sign suggest (Disease)

A

Bulge sign

A Bulge will appear on the medial side

Knee osteoarthritis

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10
Q

Push down on knee with a finger

If effusion moves to either side of the knee it is a positive sign for this test

A

Ballottement

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11
Q

The McMurray test for….

A

torn meniscus

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12
Q

McMurray test

Lateral meniscus
Medial meniscus

A

Lateral = internal rotation
Medial = external rotation

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13
Q

Inversion =
Eversion =

A

Inversion = soles of foot towards body midline

Eversion = Sole of foot away from body midline

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14
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

An inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and large joints.

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15
Q

A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.

the body’s immune system attacks its own tissue, including joints. In severe cases, it attacks internal organs.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

A degenerative joint disease

type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down.

The wearing down of the protective tissue at the ends of bones (cartilage) occurs gradually and worsens over time.

A

Osteoarthritis

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17
Q

condition in which bones become weak and brittle

New bone creation doesn’t keep up with old bone removal.

A

Osteoporosis

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18
Q

Inflammation of the fluid-filled that act as cushions at the joints.

occurs most often at joints that perform frequent repetitive motion.

A

Bursitis

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19
Q

An irritation of the tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow.

can be caused by repetitive wrist and arm motions.

A

Tennis elbow/ Lateral epicondylitis

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20
Q

Gout is associated with this disease

A

CAD (Coronary artery disease)

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21
Q

Syndactyly

A

Fingers fused together

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22
Q

Polydactyly

A

Extra finger

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23
Q

_____ fracture is a break in the radius close to the wrist

A

A Colles

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24
Q

______ occurs when inflammation in your hand, wrist, or fingers leads to your fingers bending toward your pinky.

Associated with which disease

A

Ulnar deviation shift

Rheumatoid arthritis

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25
Q

_______ are a typical symptom of osteoarthritis of the hands. They are small bony growths that appear on the middle joint of the finger.

A

Bouchard’s nodes

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26
Q

This type of cyst can be on a nerve

A

Ganglion cyst

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27
Q

deformity of the finger characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

Name of these findings

Name of disease associated

A

Swan neck

Rheumatoid arthritis

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28
Q

The result is that the middle joint (PIP joint) of the injured finger will not straighten and remains flexed, while the fingertip bends back (hyperextends).

Name of findings

Name of disease

A

boutonnière

Rheumatoid arthritis

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29
Q

ankylosis

Cause

A

stiffness or fixation of a joint by disease or surgery

From disuse

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30
Q

____ is the normal response to disuse

A

Flexion

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31
Q

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear is associated with (2)

A

Mild synovitis (an inflammation of the tissues that line a joint)

Prepatellar bursitis

(Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa in the front of the kneecap (patella). It occurs when the bursa becomes irritated and produces too much fluid)

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32
Q

form of arthritis characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in joints.

Pain and inflammation occur when too much uric acid crystallizes and deposits in the joints.

A

Gout

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33
Q

A sideways curvature of the spine.

occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty.

A

Scoliosis

34
Q

condition which refers to a problem with a rubbery disc between the spinal bones.

This condition occurs when the soft center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing.

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus

(Herniated Disc)

35
Q

abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones

A

Ankylosis

36
Q

One or more bones in a joint being out of posistion

A

Dislocation

37
Q

Partial dislocation of a joint

A

Subluxation

38
Q

Shortening of a muscle leading to limited range of motion of the joint

A

Contraction

39
Q

Access strength test (Areas)

Upper

Lower

A

Bi, Tri, Grip

Quad, Hamstrings, Dorsiflexon / plantar flexon

40
Q

0 No muscle contraction is noted in the muscle by Palpating the muscle while the patient attempts to contract it.

  1. Trace muscle contraction is noted in the muscle by palpating the muscle while patient attempts to contract it.
  2. ________
  3. The patient may move the muscle against gravity but not against resistance of the Examiner
  5. The patient moves the muscle group and overcomes the resistance of the Examiner. NORMAL MUSCLE STRENGTH
A
  1. The patient is able to actively move the muscle when gravity is eliminated
  2. The patient may move the muscle group against some resistance from the examiner
41
Q

Test strength of _______ by holding the patient’s wrist from above

Instruct to Flex arm to shoulder

Provide resistance at wrist

Repeat and compare arm

A

Lower arm flexion

42
Q

Extend forearm against the examiners resistance

Measures

A

Triceps

43
Q

Iliopsoas group

Supine posistion

Raise each leg while the Examiner resists

Is this type of test

A

Hip Flexion

44
Q

Hold knee from side

Apply resistance under ankle

Instruct paitent to pull lower leg to buttock

Test this muscle

A

Hamstring

45
Q

Test extension at the knee

Place one hand under knee and other on top of lower leg for resistance.

Ask patient to “kick out” or extend lower leg at the knee

Test this muscle

A

Quadriceps

46
Q

Test _____ of the ankle by holding the top of the ankle

Have the patient pull their foot towards their face as hard as possible

A

Dorsiflexion

47
Q

Holding the bottom of the foot

Ask patient to Press down on the Gas Pedal as hard as possible

Describes this test

A

Plantar flexion

48
Q

Damaged neurovascular finding: 6 (P)s

A

Pulselessness, (ischemic)
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia “pins-and-needles”
Paralysis or
Paresis “ Muscularweaknesscaused bynervedamage or disease; partialparalysis”
Poikilothermia: “the inability to regulate core body temperature(as by sweating to cool off or by putting on clothes to warm up”

49
Q

Neurovascular assessment of the extremities assessment:

(6)

A

Pulses
Capillary refill
Skin color
Temperature
Sensation
Motor funciona

50
Q

Pressure, increased swelling, crush injuries, extreme exercise all can all affect this Assessment

A

Neurovascular

51
Q

painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues.

The pressure decreases blood flow, depriving muscles and nerves of needed nourishment.

A

Compartment syndrome

52
Q

Compartment syndrome

painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues.

The pressure (increases /decreases) blood flow, depriving muscles and nerves of needed nourishment.

A

Decreases

53
Q

Procedure to correct Compartment Syndrome?

A

Fasciotomy

54
Q

Neck exam

Strength of (2) muscles

Rotation against resistance

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

55
Q

ROM: Shoulders (2)

A

Abduction / Adduction

Internal rotation / Adduction

56
Q

ROM hand and wrist

A

Flexion & hyperextension

57
Q

Joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body.

The infection that causes reactive arthritis usually occurs days to weeks before the onset of joint pain.

Name disease
Name sign associated with it
Name 2 test to detect

A

Reiters syndrome
Effusion of knee
Bulge sign & Ballottement

58
Q

Polyarthritis is a term used when at least _____ joints are affected with arthritis

A

five

59
Q

ROM of Ankle (3)

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Inversion & eversion
Abduction & Adduction

60
Q

Straight leg raising test

Measure limb from ______ to the _______

A

Anterior superior iliac - medial malleolus

61
Q

Types of Inflammatory Arthritis (4)

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Gout

Reactive arthritis

62
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

gradual thickening and tightening of tissue under the skin in the hand.

The condition most often affects the 4th (ring) and 5th (little) fingers.

63
Q

Bicep muscle is innervated by the ____ nerve roots via the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5 & C6

64
Q

bursae

A

fluid-filled pads in joints

65
Q

Balance
Ease of stride
Length of stride
Overall Steadiness

Are all concerned with

A

Gait

66
Q

Sits, walks ___ meters, turns around , walks back to chair and sits.

Risk for fall >13.5 seconds

Name of test

A

3 meters

Timed
Up &
Go

67
Q

Diet and Nutrition: Emphasize calcium and vitamin D-rich foods.

Weight-Bearing Exercise:
Fall Prevention:
Medication Adherence:
Smoking and Alcohol Reduction:
Bone Density Testing:
Posture and Body Mechanics:
Supplemental Support: Discuss the potential need for calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Regular Follow-Up:
Emotional Support:

Describe teachings for what

A

Osteoporosis

68
Q

Assess Neurovascular of extremities

Check sensation by asking the patient to report any tingling, numbness, or changes in sensation.

Assess motor function by observing the patient’s ability to move the extremity and checking for any weakness or paralysis.

Evaluate proprioception and coordination, asking the patient to perform simple movements.

A

Neurological Assessment: (3)

69
Q

Neurovascular Assessment

Assess pulses (radial, ulnar, brachial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial).

Evaluate capillary refill time by pressing on a nail bed and observing the time it takes for color to return.

Check skin color, temperature, and moisture for signs of adequate blood flow.

Assess for any swelling, discoloration, or abnormalities.

A

Vascular Assessment

70
Q

Neurovascular Assessment (2) Parts

Inquire about any pain or discomfort in the extremity.

Ask the patient to describe the nature, location, and intensity of pain.

Evaluate the patient’s ability to perform daily activities using the extremity.

A

Pain Assessment:
Functional Assessment:

71
Q

For first 5 years after menopause women lose about ___ % of bone mass each year

A

2%

72
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis is aka….

A

Frozen Shoulder

73
Q

Order of exam

A

Inspection
Palpation
ROM
Muscle testing

74
Q

Muscle ____ is more important than overall strength

A

Equalness

75
Q

Describe Gait for nusing

A

Steady or Unsteady

76
Q

Balance (Dynamic / Static)
Ease of stride
Length of stride
Steadiness (Overall)

Describes what

A

PT evaluation of Gait

77
Q

Give an example of a
Moderate
Maximum

Intervention for an unsteady gait

A

Mod. Gait Belt

Max. Sara steady

78
Q

T- score measure what?

What ate the value ranges and findings for each

A

-1 - 0 = normal

-1 - - 2.5 = osteopenia

-2.5 or below = osteoporosis

79
Q

Paresis

A

Partial paralysis

Cause: nerve damage or disease

80
Q

A goniometer is an instrument that

A

Measures an angle of a joint

81
Q

The shoulders preform this type of movement

(Rotation / circumduction)

A

Circumduction

82
Q

The head / neck preform this type of movement

(Circumduction / Rotation)

A

Rotation

nurs 1145 (11 decks)

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