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DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function > Exam 3 Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Exam 3 Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system is made of:

A
  • oral cavity
  • alimentary canal
  • accessory glands
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2
Q

Alimentary canal is made up of:

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestines
  • rectum and anus
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3
Q

Accessory glands release:

A

Fluids, enzymes, emulsifying agents

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4
Q

Digestive system accessory glands include:

A
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gall bladder
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5
Q

Function of digestive system

A

Obtain necessary molecules for maintenance, growth, and energy needs of the body from ingested food

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6
Q

Processes of the digestive system

A
  • ingestion
  • mastication
  • deglutition (swallowing)
  • digestion
  • absorption
  • elimination
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7
Q

Ingestion of food results in:

A
  • reduction in size
  • moistened
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8
Q

____ is formed during ingestion of food

A

Bolus

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9
Q

Where is digestion started?

A

In the oral cavity during ingestion of food

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10
Q

The oral cavity has 2 parts, which are:

A
  • vestibule
  • oral cavity proper
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11
Q

Components of the oral cavity

A
  • lips
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • hard palate
  • soft palate
  • cheeks
  • uvula
  • tonsils
  • gums
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12
Q

Define:

mucosa

A

Mucous tissue lining various body cavities exposed to environment or internal organs

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13
Q

Mucosa is made up of:

A
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
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14
Q

Function of mucosa

A
  • keeps CT moist
  • secretes mucus
  • prevents entry of pathogens
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15
Q

Mucosa found specifically in the muscularis mucosa

A
  • esophageal mucosa
  • gastric mucosa
  • intestinal mucosa
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16
Q

Synonym of mucosa

A

Mucous membrane

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17
Q

Compared to other regular mucosa, GI mucosae contains a layer called:

A

Muscular mucosae

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18
Q

Muscularis mucosae is a layer of ____

A

smooth muscle

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19
Q

GI mucosae contains ___ layers

A

3

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20
Q

Oral mucosa contains ____ epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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21
Q

Oral mucous membrane is composed of

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria

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22
Q

There are ___ types of oral mucosa, called:

A

3; lining mucosa, masticatory mucosa, specialized mucosa

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23
Q

Lining mucosa is found in:

A

Most of the oral cavity

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24
Q

Masticatory mucosa is found on:

A

gingiva, hard palate

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25
Q

Specialized mucosa are _____ structures found on:

A

intraepithelial; taste buds

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26
Q

____ overlies the lamina propria in the oral mucosa

A

Oral epithelium

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27
Q

Oral epithelium contains structures called:

A

Rete ridges/rete pegs

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28
Q

Is lining mucosa keratinized?

A

No - nonkeratinized

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29
Q

Rete ridges/pegs

A

interdigitation between the oral epithelium and the lamina propria

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30
Q

Is masticatory mucosa keratinized, parakeratinized or nonkeratinized?

A

keratinized or parakeratinized

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31
Q

Lining mucosa epithelium (B) is:

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

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32
Q

In lining mucosa, the finger-like projections (A) into the epithelium are called:

A

Papillae (lamina propria)

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33
Q

Non-keratinized epithelium is very:

A

Thick

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34
Q

4 cell layers of masticatory mucosa

A
  • stratum corneum
  • statum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum basale
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35
Q

Masticatory mucosa: Stratum corneum

A

Keratinized layer

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36
Q

Masticatory mucosa: Stratum granulosum

A

Granular layer

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37
Q

Masticatory mucosa: stratum spinosum

A

Prickle cell layer

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38
Q

Masticatory mucosa: stratum basale

A

Basal layer

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39
Q
A

Keratinized masticatory mucosa

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40
Q
A

Parakeratinized masticatory mucosa

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41
Q

All masticatory mucosa contains:

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • prickle cell layer
  • basal cell layer
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42
Q

What are the differences between the 2 types of masticatory mucosa?

A
  • Keratinized layer: no nuclei present, granular layer above prickle layer
  • Nonkeratinized layer: Nuclei present in keratinized layer, granular layer is less apparent
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43
Q

Gingival epithelium is ___ bound to bone by _____

A

tightly; dense fibrous connective tissue

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44
Q

Lip epithelium is supported by ____

A

Looser connective tissue

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45
Q

Mucogingival junction is ___keratinized

A

Parakeratinized

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46
Q

Oral cavity epithelial transitions:
1. Outside part of lip (skin)=
2. Inside of lip (where it becomes wet)=
3. gingiva=
(jump over the teeth)
4. more gingiva=
5. back to the wet area under the tongue=
6. Surface of tongue

A
  1. Orthokeratinized
  2. Non-keratinized
  3. Parakeratinized
  4. Parakeratinized
  5. non-keratinized
  6. Partially keratinized
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47
Q

Three surface regions of the lips

A
  • skin aspect
  • vermillion zone
  • mucous (internal) aspect
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48
Q

The core of the lips is made of:

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • fibroelastic connective tissue
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49
Q

The skin aspect of the lips is composed of:

A
  • thin skin (epidermis, dermis)
  • sweat glands
  • hair follicles
  • sebaceous glands
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50
Q

The vermillion zone of the lips is composed of:

A
  • pink region
  • thin skin
  • no hair follicles or sweat glands
  • lots of rete apparatus (pink color)
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51
Q

Mucous aspect of lips is composed of:

A
  • wet nonkeratinized epithelium
  • CT has mucous and minor salivary glands
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52
Q

External lip thin skin is made of ____ epithelium

A

Stratified squamous keratinized

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53
Q

Where is the vermillion zone located?

A

transition from dry to wet epithelium

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54
Q

Vermillion zone contains ____ epithelium

A

Stratified squamous keratinized

55
Q

____ contains modified thin skin and extensive interdigitations

A

Vermillion zone of the lips

56
Q

Does the vermillion zone contain sweat glands and hair follicles?

A

No, neither

57
Q

Internal aspect of the lips has ____ epithelium

A

Thick, stratified squamous nonkeratinized

58
Q

Deep rete pegs and CT papillae are characteristic of:

A

Internal aspect of lips

59
Q

____ separates the oral and nasal cavities

A

Palate

60
Q

What are the regions of the palate?

A
  • hard palate
  • soft palate
  • uvula
61
Q

The hard palate is considered a ____ and is ____. It contains what kind of mucosa?

A

Bone shelf; immovable; Masticatory mucosa

62
Q

The soft palate contains ___ mucosa

A

Lining

63
Q

The uvula contains ____

A

skeletal muscle (core)

64
Q

Largest structure in the oral cavity

A

Tongue

65
Q

The bulk of the tongue is:

A

Skeletal muscle

66
Q

The tongue contains 2 regions:

A
  • extrinsic
  • intrinsic
67
Q

The extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate ____

A

Outside of the tongue

68
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue control what kind of movements?

A
  • in/out
  • side to side
69
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate:

A

Within the tongue

70
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue control what kind of movement?

A

Alter the shape

71
Q

What are the surfaces of the tongue?

A
  • dorsal
  • ventral
  • 2 lateral
72
Q

The dorsal aspect of the tongue is split into:

A
  • anterior 2/3
  • posterior 1/3
73
Q

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue makes up the:

A

Body of the tongue

74
Q

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue makes up:

A
  • base
  • lingual tonsils
75
Q

What is found at the V-shaped border of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?

A

Circumvallate papilla

76
Q

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue contains what kinds of lingual papillae?

A
  • filiform
  • fungiform
  • circumvallate
  • foliate
77
Q

Filiform papillae are highly ____. Their purpose is to _____ ; they do not have _____

A

keratinized; scrape food; taste buds

78
Q

Fungiform papillae are ____ like. They are ____ and found on _____

A

mushroom; nonkeratinized; taste buds

79
Q

Circumvallate papillae are found in a ____ arrangement. The sides and grove contain ____

A

V-shaped; taste buds

80
Q

The ___ papillae contain the Glands von Ebner, which is a ___

A

circumvallate; minor salivary gland

81
Q

The foliate papillae are found on _____ of the tongue. They contain ____

A

posterior, lateral sides, vertical furrows; taste buds

82
Q

Which lingual papillae do not contain taste buds?

A

Filiform papillae (hairlike)

83
Q

____ papilla can be keratinized thinly or nonkeratinized

A

Fungiform

84
Q

Foliate papilla contains ____ epithelium which contains _____ situated laterally

A

nonkeratinized; taste buds

85
Q

____ are found in the epithelium of circumvallate papilla

A

Taste buds

86
Q

There is a ____ that runs around a circumvallate papilla, and ____ empties into it

A

Deep groove; Glands of Ebner

87
Q

Taste buds are considered an:

A

intraepithelial sensory organ

88
Q

Taste buds perceive:

A

Taste

89
Q

There are about ____ taste buds

A

3000

90
Q

A taste bud is an ___ structure each holding _____ cells

A

Oval; 60-80

91
Q

Cell types of taste buds

A
  • basal cells (type IV cells)
  • dark cells (type I cells)
  • light cells (type II cells)
  • intermediate cells (type III cells)
92
Q

Basal cells give rise to:

A
  • dark cells
  • light cells
  • intermediate cells
93
Q

Type IV cells

A

Basal cells

94
Q

Type I cells

A

dark cells

95
Q

Type II cells

A

Light cells

96
Q

Type III cells

A

intermediate cells

97
Q

All cells of taste buds contain:

A

Microvilli into taste pore

98
Q

What taste sensations can be perceived by taste buds?

A
  • salty
  • sweet
  • sour
  • bitter
99
Q

Each taste bud is specific for ___ of 4 tastes depending on what ____ they have

A

2; receptor

100
Q

Salty and sour is perceived using ____

A

Ion channel linked receptor

101
Q

Bitter and sweet is perceived using ____

A

GPCR

102
Q

Ion channels and GPCR alter ____ to create an ____

A

resting potential; action potential/depolarization event

103
Q

Salivary glands that open into the oral cavity

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
  • minor salivary glands in the connective tissue of oral mucosa
104
Q

Function of salivary glands

A

Deliver saliva to oral cavity

105
Q

Saliva contains what other components?

A
  • salivary amylase
  • lactoferrin
  • lysozymes
  • IgA
106
Q

Saliva - function

A
  • tasting food
  • start digestion
  • solubilize food
  • permit swallowing
  • protection due to mucus and antibacterial agents
107
Q

Major salivary glands are classified as:

A

Compound tubulo-alveolar

108
Q

____ secretes 20-30% of resting saliva volume

A

Parotid gland

109
Q

Which salivary gland produces only serous secretion?

A

Parotid gland

110
Q

The submandibular gland secretes ____ of resting saliva

A

60-65%

111
Q

The sub mandibular gland secretions are ____ but predominantly ____

A

Mixed; serous

112
Q

Sublingual glands secrete ____ of resting saliva and is predominantly ____ secretion

A

2-5%; mixed (mucous)

113
Q

Salivary gland structure - portions (2)

A
  • secretory portion (acinous)
  • duct portion
114
Q

The acinous portion of salivary gland contains ____ shaped cells and can secrete ___ or ____ secretions

A

pyramidal; mucous or serous (can’t be both but the products can be mixed after)

115
Q

The acinous portion of salivary gland contain ___ which contain a host of protein products

A

Zymogen granules

116
Q

Secretory portion of salivary gland contains ____ acini (alveoli) couched by ____

A

serous and/or mucous; myoepithelial cells

117
Q

What types of cells are found in the secretory portion of salivary gland

A
  • serous
  • mucous
  • myoepithelial
118
Q

What is the purpose of myoepithelial cells?

A

Possible muscle contraction to stimulate salivary flow

119
Q

Describe the appearance/structure of serous cells

A
  • truncated pyramids
  • basally located nuclei
  • well-developed RER
  • golgi complex
  • basal mitochondria
  • apically secretory granules rich in ptyalin
120
Q

Ptyalin

A

Salivary amylase

121
Q

Describe the appearance/structure of mucous cells

A
  • truncated pyramids
  • nuclei basally located, flattened
  • fewer mitochondria
  • less extensive RER
  • more golgi apparatus
  • abundant secretory granules
122
Q

Myoepithelial cells are also known as

A

Basket cells

123
Q

Myoepithelial cells share the:

A

basal laminae of
acinar cells

124
Q

Myoepithelial cells have long processes that envelop the:

A

secretory acinus and
intercalated ducts

125
Q

Parotid gland is enclosed by

A

Very tough connective tissue capsule

126
Q

Parotid gland secretes through

A

Stensen’s duct (parotid duct)

127
Q

Intercalated ducts connect:

A

Acinar lumen with striated ducts

128
Q

Epithelial lining of intercalated ducts

A

either simple squamous or very low cuboidal (resemble secretory cells)

129
Q

Intercalated duct cells may contain ____ but they are not released

A

secretory granules

130
Q

Intercalated ducts are surrounded by

A

Myoepithelial cells

131
Q

____ are important in salivary volume regulation

A

Striated ducts

132
Q

Striated ducts contain ____ cells with ____ and basal infoldings filled with ____

A

tall, columnar cells with microvilli; mitochondria

133
Q

Submandibular gland secretes into

A

Wharton’s duct

134
Q

Minor salivary glands

A
  • Glands of von Ebner
  • Anterior lingual glands
  • lingual
  • buccal
  • labial
  • palatal

DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function (23 decks)

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