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Foundations In Human Nutrition > Nutritional Status > Flashcards

Nutritional Status Flashcards

1
Q

Explain what nutritional status is

A

The body’s condition results from the intake, absorption, and use of nutrition and the influence of disease-related factors.

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2
Q

Why do we need to assess nutritional status?

A

Identify underlying pathologies that lead to nutrition-related conditions

Diagnose nutrition-related conditions

Assess the extent of nutrition-related health issues that affect an individual or population group

Plan necessary interventions or treatments

Monitor the efficacy of interventions or treatments

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3
Q

Explain what nutritional assessments are

A

Nutritional assessments are structured and standardized processes of collecting and interpreting information in order to make decisions about the nature and cause of nutrition-related health issues that affect an individual

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4
Q

Name the 5 categories for nutritional assessments (A to F)

A

Anthropometry

Biochemistry

Clinical

Dietary

Environment

Functional

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5
Q

Explain what nutritional assessments are carried out In anthropometry

A

Weight

Height

BMI

Fat mass or Fat-free mass

Bod pod

Ulna length

Demi Spam

Knee height

MUAC

Skinfold thickness

Waist circumference

WHR

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6
Q

Explain what nutritional assessments are carried out in biochemistry

A

Blood sample analysis

Lab tests - cholesterol, proteins, blood glucose

Micronutrients, vitamins and mineral levels

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7
Q

Explain what nutritional assessments are carried out in clinal assessments

A

Fat analysis

Body temperature

Muscel

Hand grip strength

Dental Health

Heart rate

Blood pressure

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8
Q

Explain what nutritional assessments are carried out in dietary assessments

A

Eating habits

Dietary preferences

Allergies, intolerances, religious observations

Exercise

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9
Q

Explain what nutritional assessments are carried out on the environment of a patient

A

Lifestyle

Occupation

Financial Situation

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10
Q

Explain the types of nutritional assessments that are functional

A

Mental health issues

Disability

Malnutrition

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11
Q

Explain what malnutrition is

A

Malnutrition refers todeficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients, or impaired nutrient utilization. The double burden of malnutrition consists of both undernutrition and overweight and obesity, as well as diet-related noncommunicable diseases

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12
Q

Explain what Undernutrition and Overnutrition are

A

Undernutrition - Insufficient intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual’s need to maintain good health. This leads to a reduction in overall body mass

Overnutrition - Insufficient or excessive intake of energy and nutrients to meet an individual’s needs to maintain good health. leads to an increase in body mass.

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13
Q

Explain what the MUST screening tool is

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

4 categories:

BMI

Weight

Acute disease effect

Overall risk score

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14
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

Weight/ High x Height

Weight in KG and Height in m

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15
Q

Explain the BMI scores

A

Score 2 - Less than 18.5kg/m2

Score 1 - Between 18.5 and 20 kg/m2

Score 0 - More than 20kg/m2

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16
Q

How to calculate weight loss percentage

A

Weight 3 months ago - current weight/weight 3 months ago x 100

17
Q

Explain and give the scores used for acute disease effect

A

Acute disease effect score is used when a patient is so unwell they are consuming less than 500 calories per day or the patient is at the end of their life

Score 2 - Yes

Score 0 - No

17
Q

Explain weight loss percentage scores

A

Score 2 - More than 10%

Score 1 - 5% to 10%

Score 0 - Less than 5%

18
Q

Explain what happens to a person’s body who has under-nutrition

A

Weight loss

Predominantly fat and muscle

‘Vital Organs’ are spared as long as possible

Or impaired growth

Impaired muscle function

Reduced immune function

Impaired synthesis of new protein

Psychological impairment

Increased economic costs

19
Q

Explain what impaired muscle function is

A

Skeletal muscle = reduced mobility, increased risk of falls

Respiratory muscles = increased risk of chest infection, reduced exercise capacity, delayed weaning from ventilator

Cardiac = bradycardia, hypotension, reduced cardiac output

GI tract = reduced gut wall integrity, increasing the potential for micro-organism access

20
Q

Explain what reduced immune function is

A

Reduced phagocytosis, chemotaxis, T lymphocytes

Reduced intracellular bacterial destruction

Increased rate of immune cell destruction

Poor response to vaccination

21
Q

Explain what impaired synthesis of new protein is

A

Poor wound healing

Increased risk of ulceration

Delayed recovery from surgery

Growth faltering/ cessation in children

Reduced fertility in men and women

22
Q

Explain examples of psychological impairment

A

Depression

Reduced motivation

Reduced quality of life

Life-long intellectual impairment if undernourished in infancy

23
Q

What factors cause over-nutrition and give examples?

A

Metabolic - diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cancer

Physical osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, skin problems, sleep apnoea (stop breathing while sleeping)

Psychological - depression, social isolation, impaired relationships

Economic - employment, financial status

24
Q

What does a lack of iodine result in?

A

Hypothyroidism

Goiter

Infertility

Weight gain

25
Q

What does a lack of vitamin D result in?

A

Muscle weakness

Depression

Bone pain

Tiredness

26
Q

What does a lack of iron result in?

A

Fatigue

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Pale skin

Cold hand and/or feet

27
Q

What does a lack of thiamine (Vitamin B1) result in?

A

Heart failure

Chest related pain

Fatigue

Weight loss

Memory loss

Seizures

28
Q

What does a lack of niacin (Vitamin B3) result in?

A

Depression

Dementia

Dermatitis

Alopecia

Pellagra

29
Q

What does a lack of Vitamin C result in?

A

Scurvy

Foundations In Human Nutrition (17 decks)

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