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Biology > Book One Winter Exams 2023 Yr 9 > Flashcards

Book One Winter Exams 2023 Yr 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What do you need to eat for a healthy diet?

A

Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals and fats and calcium and protein and iron

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2
Q

What colour dose iodine change from

A

Brown/orange to blue/black

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3
Q

What is the name of the reagent used to test for proteins

A

Copper sulfate+ sodium hydroxide

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4
Q

What dose iodine test for?

A

Starch

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5
Q

What is the calculation for finding energy in food

A

Energy in 1g of food= rise in temperature x volume of water x 4.2

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6
Q

What practical do you do to find energy of food

A

We burn the food and calculate the rise in temp in a boiling tube of water above the burning food

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7
Q

What is the crown

A

The part of the tooth above the gum

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8
Q

What is the root

A

The part of the tooth bellow the gum

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9
Q

Enamel

A

The outer surface of the tooth- the hardest substance in the body

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10
Q

Dentine

A

The softer layer beneath the enamel

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11
Q

Pulp cavity

A

The cavity contains the nerves and blood vessels

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12
Q

Cement and fibres

A

Responsible for holding the tooth and jaw bone in place

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13
Q

Nerves and blood vessels

A

Provide feeling, provide nutrients to the tooth

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14
Q

What can cause tooth decay? Give two reasons?

A

When you eat a lot of sweet food
Not brushing enough
Plaque build up in mouth

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15
Q

How can you prevent tooth decay

A

Brushing regularly
Eating healthier

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16
Q

How are dental caries caused

A

They are cause acid pH when plaque and bacteria combine with sugars in food to produce acids that erode tooth enamel. This plaque acid is produced when free sugars in food and drinks react with and dissolve the minerals on the enamel

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17
Q

Name one mineral and one vitamin which should be present in the diet of a young child to encourage the healthy growth of teeth

A

Mineral:
Calcium
Vitamin:
D

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18
Q

Why do we digest food

A

The nutrient groups that form most of our diet (starchy, food, proteins and fats) are all composed of large insoluble molecules in order for a body cells to make use of these molecules. They need to be broken down into small soluble molecules that can pass into the blood stream.

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19
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Food is taken through the mouth

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20
Q

What organs are involved in ingestion?

A

Mouth

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21
Q

What is digestion?

A

The food is broken down into soluble substances

22
Q

What organs are involved in digestion

A

Stomach, small intestine, mouth

23
Q

What is absorption?

A

The soluble products are absorbed into the blood stream and transported around

24
Q

What organs are involved in absorption

A

Ileum (small intestine)

25
Q

What is Assimilation

A

The soluble products of digestion are taken into the cells where they are used

26
Q

What organs are involved in assimilation

A

Every cell in the body

27
Q

What is egstion

A

Removal of waste food (excretion)

28
Q

What organs are involved in egestion

A

Anus

29
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion happens in the mouth as our teeth cut and grind the food into smaller pieces. This increases the surface area. It also happens in our stomach as it’s muscular walls churn the food

30
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical digestion starts in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine. It involves breaking the large molecules into smaller molecules. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions and are responsible for chemical digestion.

31
Q

Where are amylase enzymes found

A

Mouth, pancreas and small intestine

32
Q

Where are protease enzymes found

A

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

33
Q

Where are lipase enzymes found

A

Pancreas and small intestine

34
Q

What enzymes are used to break down carbohydrates

A

Amylase and starch molecules when digested makes a sugar molecule

35
Q

What enzymes breakdown proteins

A

Protease and protein molecules after digestion make amino acids

36
Q

What enzymes break down fats

A

Lipase and fat molecules after digestion make fatty acid and glycerol molecules

37
Q

What dose the Mouth do

A

Food is chewed. Saliva contains amylse to digest carbohydrates

38
Q

What dose the oesophagus do

A

Muscular tube that pushes food along by peristalsis

39
Q

What dose the liver do

A

It detoxifys wine so that it’s safe for the body to digest

40
Q

What dose the stomach do

A

Mechanical churning and chemical churning of food, acid is produced to kill bacteria

41
Q

What dose the colon do (big intestine)

A

Water is reabsorbed from food

42
Q

What dose the ileum do (small intestine)

A

Absorption occurs its long folded and has villi

43
Q

What dose the Anus do?

A

Excretion

44
Q

What dose the rectum do

A

Faeces are stored

45
Q

What are carbohydrates needed for

A

Provide the body with energy

46
Q

What are proteins needed for

A

Needed for growth

47
Q

Water is needed for

A

To transport solvents around the body and keep it hydrated

48
Q

What is fibre needed for

A

Prevent constipation

49
Q

What is Benedict used for

A

To see if there are sugar in a food

50
Q

What colour dose Benedict turn from if sugar is present in a substance

A

It will change from blue to brick red when in a heated water bath

51
Q

What is biuret solution used for

A

Protein

52
Q

What colour dose biuret change form to if protein is present in a substance

A

Light blue to violet

Biology (10 decks)

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