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English B IB > 5.2 Climate change/ environment > Flashcards

5.2 Climate change/ environment Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

endemic to/in

A

especially of disease or a condition;
regularly found and very common among a particular group or in a particular area

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2
Q

cigarette butts

A

part of a cigarette that you throw away when you have finished smoking

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3
Q

to discard

A

to throw away or get rid of sth because you no longer want it or need it

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4
Q

dermal absorption

A

process in which skin is taking in/ absorbing sth

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5
Q

hazardous

A

risky, dangerous

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6
Q

omnipresent

A

widely or constantly encountered, widespread

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7
Q

to introduce a mandatory charge on

A

to introduce a fee you are obliged to pay for sth

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8
Q

to curb one’s consumption

A

to control, limit one’s consumption

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9
Q

single-use plastic

A

plastic that can only be used once, cannot be recycled

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10
Q

debris

A

broken or torn pieces of sth larger;
remains

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11
Q

to commence the process

A

to begin the process

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12
Q

feasibility

A

possibility that sth can be done, made, achieved or is reasonable

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13
Q

prevention policy

A

policy that focuses on stopping sth from happening

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14
Q

to embroil

A

to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation

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15
Q

sotto voce

A

in a quiet voice so that only people near can hear;
to say sth under the breath

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16
Q

greenhouse effect

A

increase in amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that causes warming of Earth’s surface

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17
Q

biodegradable

A

able to decay/break down naturally , without having a harmful impact on the environment

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18
Q

wetlands

A

land covered with marshes or swamps,

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19
Q

deforestation

A

the cutting down of forests

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20
Q

dumping/ to dump

A

disposing of e.g. rubbish, typically in a careless or hurried way

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21
Q

toxic waste

A

waste that is potentially dangerous; that may pose potential hazard to human health or environment

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22
Q

emissions

A

the release of a substance into the air

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23
Q

biodiversity

A

variety of al living things

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24
Q

global warming

A

long-term warmig of a planet’s overall temperature, caused by release of greenhouse gases

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25
Q

ozone layer

A

a layer of air high above the Earth that contains ozone, preventing harmful radiation

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26
Q

desertification

A

the process by which land turns into desert

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27
Q

smog

A

fog intensified by smoke and chemical fumes

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28
Q

habitat

A

the natural environment in which an animal or a plant usually lives

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29
Q

depletion

A

a reduction in the number or quantity of sth

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30
Q

drought

A

long period when there’s little or no rain

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31
Q

oil spill

A

an accident in which oil leaked into the sea or other body of water

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32
Q

avalanche

A

large amount of ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side of the mountain

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33
Q

landslide

A

a mass of rock and earth moving suddenly and quickly down a steep slope

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34
Q

reforestation

A

the process of replanting an area with trees

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35
Q

crude

A

primitive; in raw, natural condition

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36
Q

refined

A

free from impurities, purified

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37
Q

fertiliser

A

substances used to make soil more fertile

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38
Q

repellant

A

substance used to repel e.g. insects, mosquitos

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39
Q

herbicide

A

substance that is toxic to plants, used to detroy unwanted vegetation

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40
Q

pesticide

A

chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants and other unwanted organisms

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41
Q

noxious

A

harmful, poisonous, unpleasant

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42
Q

acid rain

A

rain that is unusually acidic;
rain that contains large amounts of harmful chemicals as a result of burning substances such as coal and oil

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43
Q

nuclear power

A

electricity produced by nuclear reactions

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44
Q

fossil fuels

A

non-renewable energy sources such as coal, gas and oil

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45
Q

health risks

A

the chance or likelihood that sth will harm or otherwise affect your health

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46
Q

wind/solar power

A

renewable sources of energy

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47
Q

natural/ man-made disaster

A

natural event such as flood, earthquake, or tsunami that kills or injures a lot of people

tragic events that were caused by human activity

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48
Q

industrial/ nuclear waste

A

waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processed

unwanted, dangerously radioactive material made when producing nuclear power

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49
Q

wildlife/ water conservation

A

preservation and protection of animals, plants and their habitats/

practise of using water efficiently

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50
Q

extinct/ endangered species

A

spiecies that is no longer alive/

species that are at risk of extinction

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51
Q

noxious/ toxic fumes

A

dangerous, poisonous fumes

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52
Q

contaminated

A

polluted

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53
Q

landfill

A

rubbish dump

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54
Q

equlibrum

A

balance

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55
Q

devatation

A

destruction

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56
Q

demolition

A

the act of destroying sth, such as building

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57
Q

dereliction

A

state of neglect, not being cared for

failure to do what you should do

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58
Q

evacuated

A

to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe

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59
Q

relocated

A

moved from one place to another

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60
Q

famine

A

extreme scarcity of food
(there’s not enough food)

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61
Q

starvation

A

suffering or death caused by lack of food

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62
Q

corrosion

A

process by which sth deteriorates because of oxidation, like metals

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63
Q

erosion

A

the gradual wearing away of land surface materials, especially rocks, sediments, soils, by the action of water, wind, glacier

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64
Q

sanctuary

A

nature reserve

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65
Q

preservation

A

the act of keeping sth as it is

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66
Q

culling

A

reduction of wild animal population by selective slaughter
odstrzał

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67
Q

zero carbon city

A

city that generates as much or more carbon-free sustainable energy as it uses

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68
Q

climate emergency

A

a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it

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69
Q

carbon debt

A

inballance between the amount of co2 produced by a country and amount that it offsets

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70
Q

coal mines

A

kopalnie węgla,
place where coal is dug out from the ground

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71
Q

geothermal (energy)

A

connected with the heat inside the earth

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72
Q

hydroelectric (power station)

A

producing energy by the force of fast moving water such as rivers or waterfalls

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73
Q

green audit

A

an official examination of the effects a company has on the environment, especially the damage that it causes

74
Q

ecoterrorism

A

act of violence which is comitted in support of environmental causes, againts people or property

75
Q

clear up

A

to remove doubts, confusion,
to tidy sth up, get rid of sth

76
Q

to dry out

A

to become completely or excessively dry

77
Q

to pick up

A

to lift, collect

78
Q

to clean up

A

to remove dirt, make sth neat

79
Q

to dry up

A

of rivers, lakes- to become completely dry

80
Q

to wash away

A

to carry sth by the movement of water

81
Q

to die out

A

to stop existing, become extinct

82
Q

to kill off

A

to destroy/ kill totally, in large numbers

83
Q

to cut down

A

to reduce the amount of sth,
to cause sth to fall by cutting thorugh it –> trees

84
Q

to give off

A

to emit, produce (a smell, heat, light)

85
Q

water off a duck’s back

A

criticisms of/ warnings to a person that have no effect on that person

86
Q

water under the bridge

A

(event/mistake) now forgotten or no longer important

87
Q

in(to) deep water

A

involved in complicated, dangerous affairs

88
Q

a fish out of water

A

sb who feel uncomfortable in ufamiliar surroudings

89
Q

come hell or high water

A

in spite of all obstacles; no matter what happends

90
Q

in hot water

A

in trouble

91
Q

to take to sth like a duck to water

A

to do sth new very easily

92
Q

to pour oil on a troubled waters

A

to do or say in order to make people stop arguing and become calmer

93
Q

stark

A

empty, single, plain

completely or extremely

94
Q

verbose

A

using or containing more words than necessary

95
Q

voluble

A

speaking flunetly, with confidence and enthusiasm

96
Q

fervent

A

showing strong and sincere feelings or beliefs

hot, burning, glowing

97
Q

fetid

A

smelling extremely unpleasant, bad, stale

98
Q

prevailing

A

existing in a particular place or at particular time

99
Q

sturdy

A

physically strong, solid, thick

100
Q

lush

A

abunding in lavish growth
luxuriant, attractive

101
Q

lavish

A

large in quantity and expensive or impressive;
costing a lot of money

102
Q

rife

A

very common, frequent, widespread

103
Q

to scramble

A

to compete with other people for sth there is very little of

104
Q

jumble

A

untidy and confused mixture of things, feelings, ideas

105
Q

to jostle

A

to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them

106
Q

flurry

A

small swirling mass of sth, especially snow or leaves, moved by wind

107
Q

carbon footprint

A

measurement of carbon dioxide produced by someone

108
Q

livestock

A

useful animals that are kept on farm

109
Q

dead zones

A

areas in water with low oxygen level

110
Q

ice cap

A

thick layer of ice that permanently covers an area of land

111
Q

fuel- efficient

A

working in a way that doesn’t waste fuel

112
Q

flooding

A

the condition of becoming filled or covered with large amount of water

113
Q

renewable energy

A

clean energy, coming from natural sources like sun, wind

114
Q

to take a toll

A

to cause suffering, damage, bad effect

115
Q

to keep up

A

move or progress at the same rate as someone or sth else

116
Q

to turn out

A

prove to be the case

117
Q

animal agriculture

A

dreeding, raising, slaughtering animals for products intended for human use

118
Q

species extinction

A

complete disppearance of species from Earth

119
Q

meat industry

A

the people and companies engaged in modern industrialized livestock agriculture for the production, packing, preservation and marketing of meat

120
Q

to envision

A

to imagine or pretend to see

121
Q

shrinking

A

when sth gets smaller and smaller

122
Q

divisive

A

sth that divides people into two groups

123
Q

recipient

A

someone who receives sth

124
Q

varying

A

a range of differences

125
Q

accuracy

A

exactness

126
Q

to document

A

to keep a record of

127
Q

to distract

A

to take someone’s attention away from

128
Q

akin

A

related to, like,similar to

129
Q

symptoms

A

the measurable effects of a disease

130
Q

elevated

A

raised, increased, heightened

131
Q

overtly

A

directly, openly

132
Q

rate

A

pace, speed, tempo

133
Q

controversy

A

when sth is debated about, a lot of argument about it

134
Q

to offset (CO2 emissions)

A

to compensate your emissions (by funding an equivalent carbon dioxide saving elsewhere)
to balance out,

135
Q

briny

A

salty

136
Q

to sprout

A

to form

137
Q

intensified

A

heavier

138
Q

surging up

A

rushing up

139
Q

seeping

A

soaking

140
Q

inexorably

A

unavoidably

141
Q

bleak

A

dreary

142
Q

barrier

A

wall

143
Q

to trigger

A

to set off

144
Q

desperate

A

wretched

145
Q

to smother

A

to kill by depriving of air, suffocate

146
Q

misery

A

state of suffering, great mental or emotional distress

147
Q

thirst

A

the need or desire to drink

148
Q

pollutant

A

substance that pollutes

149
Q

vegeterian

A

a person who does not eat meat or fish

150
Q

vegan

A

a person who does not eat any animal products such as meat, milk or eggs or use animal products such as leather or wool

151
Q

animal rights activist

A

a person who seeks to reduce non-human animal suffering

152
Q

non-profit

A

(of an organization) without the aim of making a profit

153
Q

factory farm

A

a type of farm in which animals are kept inside in small spaces and are fed special food so that a large amount of meat, milk, etc. is produced as quickly and cheaply as possible

154
Q

big time

A

on a large scale, to great extent

155
Q

voila

A

used to say ‘there it is!’ when you show something to somebody, or something appears suddenly

156
Q

raw

A

in its natural state; not yet changed, used or made into something else

157
Q

slick

A

an area of oil that is floating on the surface of the sea

158
Q

odour

A

a smell, especially one that is unpleasant

159
Q

dissolve

A

to mix with a liquid and become part of it

160
Q

melt

A

to become or make something become liquid as a result of heating

161
Q

steadiness

A

the fact of being stable and not changing

162
Q

to shift

A

to move

163
Q

power station/ power plant

A

building or group of them where electricity is produced

164
Q

to spurt

A

(of liquid or flames)
to burst out or pour out suddenly;
to produce sudden, powerful streams of liquid or flames

165
Q

to trickle

A

to flow or make sth flow, slowly in a thin stream

166
Q

to drizzle

A

to rain lightly

167
Q

breeding ground

A

a place where sth, especially bad is able to develop;
place where animals go to produce their young

168
Q

bitter

A

(of weather conditions)
extremely cold and unpleasant

169
Q

compulsive

A

difficult to stop or to control (of behaviour)

170
Q

intense

A

very great

intense pressure

171
Q

stream

A

continuous flow of sth

172
Q

spring

A

a place where water comes naturally to the surface from under the ground

173
Q

to heave

A

to lift, pull or throw somebody/sth very heavy with great effort

to rise up and down with strong, regular movements

174
Q

to ascend

A

to rise, go up, climb up

175
Q

to soar

A

to fly very high in the air or remain there; to be tall or very high

soaring tower blocks

176
Q

feedlot

A

an area or building where farm animals are fed

177
Q

manure

A

the waste from animals that is spread over or mixed with soil to help plants and crops grow

178
Q

strewn with

A

covered with, full of

179
Q

right up there with

A

to be equal to sth else

180
Q

patty

A

Meat, fish etc. cut into small pieces and formed into small, round flat shape

English B IB (4 decks)

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