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Forensic Biology > Finger Printing > Flashcards

Finger Printing Flashcards

1
Q

fingerprint

A

an imprint made by the fiction ridge patterns on the last joint of the finger

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2
Q

friction ridge

A

one of the corrugated ridges characteristic of the skin of the palmar & plantar surfaces of primates

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3
Q

what kind of finger prints are indistinguishable?

A

human, chimp, and koala prints

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4
Q

what are finger prints composed of?

A
  • ridges
  • grooves
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5
Q

ridge colors on print

A

black

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6
Q

groove colors on print

A

grey color

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7
Q

four factors that determines the value of associative evidence

A
  • the specificity or degree of identity of the evidence
  • the frequency of occurrence
  • the persistence of the transferred material
  • the likelihood of alternate explanation
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8
Q

why fingerprints can be used as associative evidence

A
  • uniqueness
  • persistence
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9
Q

fingerprint uniqueness

A
  • fingerprints are unique to the individual
  • no two people have been observed to have the same fingerprint
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10
Q

do identical twins have the same finger print or forensic genotype?

A

forensic genotype

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11
Q

fingerprint persistence

A

fingerprints are persistent morphological features that do not significantly change through time

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12
Q

affect of age on friction ridges

A
  • surface ridges flatten making the appearance less sharp when recovered
  • numbers of wrinkles increases
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13
Q

exceptions to fingerprint persistence

A
  • considerable skin damage
  • genetic disorders resulting in printless fingerprints
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14
Q

how considerable skin damage can effect finger prints

A

new scars that are persistent can be used to identified suspects

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15
Q

three categories of finger prints

A
  • latent
  • patent
  • plastic
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16
Q

latent prints

A
  • invisible to the naked eye
  • requires a physical or chemical process to enhance or make prints visible
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17
Q

patent prints

A

visible prints created when residue, contaminating the finger, are transferred to a hard surface

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18
Q

plastic prints

A

visible, impressed prints that are made in a soft surface resulting in indentations

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19
Q

details of plastic prints

A
  • less common than patent & latent fingerprints
  • relatively easy to locate
  • negative prints
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20
Q

common surfaces for plastic fingerprints include

A
  • fresh paint
  • putty
  • wax
  • soap
  • grease/oil
  • dust
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21
Q

negative print

A

the resulting finger impression has the opposite features as the associated finger

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22
Q

positive print

A
  • the resulting finger impression has the same features as the associated finger
  • elevated residue represents an elevated ridge
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23
Q

broad level comparison (level 1)

A
  • class characteristics
  • fingerprint pattern type
24
Q

3 general fingerprint patterns

A
  • loops
  • whorls
  • arches
25
Q

loops

A
  • 65%
  • ridge flow enters & exits on the same side
26
Q

whorls

A
  • 30%
  • resembles a bullseye
27
Q

arches

A
  • 5%
  • ridge flow enters & exits on the same side with a wave/rise in the center
28
Q

most common finger print type?

A

loops

29
Q

least common finger print type?

A

arches

30
Q

finger print core

A

the focus of the innermost recurving ridge in a finger print

31
Q

finger print delta

A

a meeting point on 3 individual ridge flows

32
Q

subdivisions of loops

A
  • radial loop
  • ulnar loop
33
Q

subdivisions of whorls

A
  • plain whorl
  • central pocket loop whorl
  • double loop whorl
  • accidental whorl
34
Q

how to determine whorl type

A

draw a line between 2 deltas, line cuts across through inner pattern

35
Q

double loop whorl

A

2 loops combined into one fingerprint

36
Q

accidental whorl

A

contains 2 or more patterns

37
Q

subdivisions of arches

A
  • plain arch
  • tented arch
38
Q

individual finger print characteristics (minutiae) (level 2)

A
  • the point where a friction ridge begins, terminates, or splits into 2 or more ridges
  • comparison involves type of feature & location of feature
39
Q

level 3 fingerprint details

A
  • edge features: shape & size
  • pores: shape, location, & numbers
40
Q

analytical methods involved in the analysis of evidence

A
  • ACE-V
  • analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification
41
Q

ACE-V: analysis

A

examiner studies the print to assess quantity & quality of detailed present

42
Q

ACE-V: comparison

A

side by side observation of friction ridge detail

43
Q

ACE-V: evaluation

A

examiner assess correspondence/non-correspondence & forms a conclusion

44
Q

ACE-V: verification

A

independent re-examination by a second examiner using the ACE process

45
Q

suitability: quality of

A
  • clarity of observed features
  • as quality increases, so does the discernibility & reliability of the ridge features
46
Q

suitability: quantity

A
  • amount of features/area
  • number of ridge endings, bifurcations, & dots in contiguous ridges, determined with out any reference to known impressions
47
Q

sufficiency graph

A
  • in the analysis phase
  • the assessment of the impression based on quality & quantity is positioned on the graph to determine its suitability for individualization
48
Q

sufficiency graph: impressions falls below the solid curve

A

an individualization is not warranted

49
Q

sufficiency graph: impressions fall above the solid curve

A

it may allow individualization

50
Q

factors affecting the quality & quantity of fingerprint characteristics

A
  • was the surface touched by friction ridges in a suitable manner?
  • was there a suitable amount of residue transferred to the surface?
  • was the surface suitable to maintain the reside transfer?
  • was the environment suitable to receive and maintain the residue?
51
Q

AFIS - Automated Fingerprint Identification System

A
  • examiner captures the latent print
  • latent print is trimmed & enhanced
  • examiner plots the minutiae
52
Q

colors of AFIS

A
  • the red circles indicate ridge endings
  • the yellow squares indicate bifurcations
53
Q

how does the AFIS examiner determine the Y-axis?

A
  • core location
  • direction of the print
54
Q

fingerprint verification

A
  • Quality Assurance protocol
  • blind verification
55
Q

blind verification

A

the independent examination of one or more friction ridge impressions by another component

Forensic Biology (17 decks)

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