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AUBF MICROSCOPIC URINE EXAMINATION > NORMAL URINARY CRYSTALS > Flashcards

NORMAL URINARY CRYSTALS Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding normal urinary crystals and uric acid?

A) Normal urinary crystals always indicate a medical condition.
B) Uric acid levels are always abnormal and require medical attention.
C) Uric acid is normal, but an increase in its quantity may indicate a medical condition.
D) Normal urinary crystals and uric acid levels have no relevance to medical conditions.

A

C) Uric acid is normal, but an increase in its quantity may indicate a medical condition.

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2
Q

What is the typical appearance of normal urinary crystals?

A) Spherical clusters
B) Cubic structures
C) Rhombic, four-sided flat plates (whetstones), wedges, rosettes
D) Long, thread-like formations

A

C) Rhombic, four-sided flat plates (whetstones), wedges, rosettes

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3
Q

What is the typical color of normal urinary crystals, and how do they appear when viewed under a microscope with 4-6 whetstones?

A) Blue, colorless
B) Yellow-brown, colorless
C) Red, cloudy
D) Green, sparkling

A

B) Yellow-brown, colorless

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4
Q

Which distinguishing feature sets normal urinary crystals apart from Cystine Crystals?

A) Color variation
B) Shape complexity
C) Size consistency
D) Highly Birefringent

A

D) Highly Birefringent

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5
Q

Which medical conditions are associated with a significant increase in normal urinary crystals?

A) Diabetes and Hypertension
B) Gout and Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
C) Asthma and Allergies
D) Osteoporosis and Arthritis

A

B) Gout and Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

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6
Q

What is the likely urine pH associated with the presence of amorphous urates?

A) Alkaline
B) Neutral
C) Basic
D) Acid

A

D) Acid

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7
Q

What is the appearance of amorphous urates?

A) Clear crystals
B) White granules
C) Yellow-Brown Granules
D) Blue flakes

A

C) Yellow-Brown Granules

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8
Q

What color sediment is observed when amorphous urates are refrigerated?

A) Yellow Sediment
B) Blue Sediment
C) Green Sediment
D) Pink Sediment

A

D) Pink Sediment

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9
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of “AMORPHOUS URATES” under microscopic examination?

A) Crystalline structure with needle-like formations
B) Clear and well-defined crystals resembling fern leaves
C) Amorphous phosphate with fecal contaminant resemblance
D) Irregular, granular particles with a sand-like appearance

A

C) Amorphous phosphate with fecal contaminant resemblance

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10
Q

What is the macroscopic appearance of amorphous urates?

A) Yellow-brown granules
B) Orange-pink precipitate (“brick dust”)
C) Clear crystals
D) White powder

A

B) Orange-pink precipitate (“brick dust”)

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11
Q

What is the fate of amorphous urates when treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

A) They remain unchanged
B) They dissolve in the acid
C) They convert to uric acid
D) They form crystals

A

C) They convert to uric acid

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12
Q

What is the expected urine pH in the presence of amorphous phosphates?

A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Alkaline
D) Variable

A

C) Alkaline

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13
Q

What is the appearance of Amorphous Phosphates, and how does it compare to Amorphous Urates?

A) Yellowish color, distinct from Amorphous Urates
B) Similar to Amorphous Urates
C) Clear crystals, contrasting with Amorphous Urates
D) Greenish hue, differentiating from Amorphous Urates

A

B) Similar to Amorphous Urates

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14
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of amorphous phosphates in refrigeration?

A) Blue Sediment
B) Red Sediment
C) Green Sediment
D) White Sediment

A

D) White Sediment

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15
Q

What is the macroscopic appearance of amorphous phosphates?

A) Blue crystals
B) Yellow powder
C) Green solution
D) White to beige precipitate

A

D) White to beige precipitate

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16
Q

In what pH environment is calcium oxalate commonly found in urine?

A

* Calcium oxalate is commonly found in urine with an acidic pH.

17
Q

What are the two forms of Calcium Oxalate?

A

* The two forms of Calcium Oxalate are Dihydrate (the most common form) and Monohydrate.

18
Q

What is a notable association of Monohydrate form of Calcium Oxalate?

A

* The Monohydrate form is associated with Oval or Dumbbell-shaped crystals and is linked to Ethylene Glycol “Antifreeze” Poisoning.

19
Q

What is the most common form of Calcium Oxalate?

A) Green, Cubic Crystals
B) Colorless, Octahedral Envelope or as Two Pyramids Joined at Their Base
C) Red, Spherical Aggregates
D) Yellow, Needle-Like Structures

A

B) Colorless, Octahedral Envelope or as Two Pyramids Joined at Their Base

20
Q

What is the primary component of the majority of renal calculi?

A) Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
B) Calcium Phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2)
C) Calcium Oxalate (CaOx)
D) Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4)

A

C) Calcium Oxalate (CaOx)

21
Q

Which substance can be confused with Calcium Phosphate in urine microscopy when the urine pH is in the neutral range?

A) Uric Acid
B) Sulfonamide Crystals
C) Cystine
D) Amorphous Phosphate

A

B) Sulfonamide Crystals

22
Q

What substance is indicated by colorless, flat rectangular plates, and thin prisms in rosette form, with urine pH being alkaline?

A) Uric Acid
B) Calcium Oxalate
C) Calcium Phosphate
D) Sulfonamide Crystals

A

C) Calcium Phosphate

23
Q

What is the distinguishing factor between Calcium Phosphate crystals and Sulfonamide crystals in urine?

A) Addition of dilute acetic acid
B) Alkaline urine pH
C) Colorless flat rectangular plates
D) Rosette form appearance

A

A) Addition of dilute acetic acid

24
Q

What is the urine pH associated with the presence of CALCIUM PHOSPHATE crystals?

A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Alkaline
D) Variable

A

C) Alkaline

25
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of Triple Phosphate crystals?

A) Rod-shaped
B) Prism-shaped, resembling “Coffin Lid”
C) Star-like
D) Spherical

A

B) Prism-shaped, resembling “Coffin Lid”

26
Q

What is the alternative name for Triple Phosphate?

A) Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate
B) Calcium Oxalate
C) Uric Acid
D) Cystine

A

A) Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate

27
Q

Which of the following statements about triple phosphate is correct?

A) It results in acidic urine pH.
B) It forms a fern-like structure with the addition of ammonia.
C) It is associated with alkaline urine pH.
D) It is induced by the addition of citric acid.

A

C) It is associated with alkaline urine pH.

28
Q

What can induce the “FERN LIKE” form of triple phosphate?

A) Addition of Sodium Chloride
B) Addition of Hydrochloric Acid
C) Addition of Ammonia
D) Addition of Acetic Acid

A

C) Addition of Ammonia

29
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of Ammonium Biurate crystals in urine?

A) Needle-like crystals
B) Rhomboid crystals
C) “Thorny Apples” – Spicule-covered spheres
D) Colorless hexagonal plates

A

C) “Thorny Apples” – Spicule-covered spheres

30
Q

What is the characteristic urine pH associated with Ammonium Biurate?

A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Alkaline
D) Variable

A

C) Alkaline

31
Q

What is the characteristic behavior of Ammonium Biurate?

A) Dissolves at 60 degC and converts into Uric Acid Crystals when Glacial Acetic Acid is added.

B) Exhibits stability at high temperatures and remains unchanged in the presence of acids.

C) Melts at room temperature and forms a clear solution with water.

D) Decomposes when exposed to sunlight, releasing ammonia.

A

A) Dissolves at 60 degC and converts into Uric Acid Crystals when Glacial Acetic Acid is added.

32
Q

What is AMMONIUM BIURATE most often encountered in?

A) Fresh Specimens
B) New Specimens
C) Old Specimens
D) Recent Specimens

A

C) Old Specimens

33
Q

What is Ammonium Biurate associated with?

A) Acetic Acid Production
B) Ethanol Metabolism
C) Ammonia produced by Urea Splitting Bacteria
D) Hydrogen Sulfide Formation

A

C) Ammonia produced by Urea Splitting Bacteria

34
Q

Which of the following best describes the appearance of calcium carbonate?

A) Large, Yellow, Irregular shapes
B) Small, Colorless, Dumbbell or Spherical shapes
C) Thin, Reddish, Hexagonal crystals
D) Fine, Green, Cubic particles

A

B) Small, Colorless, Dumbbell or Spherical shapes

35
Q

Which of the following statements about calcium carbonate is correct?

A) It lowers urine pH.
B) It resembles crystalline material.
C) It is not affected by the addition of acetic acid.
D) It produces gas when acetic acid is added.

A

D) It produces gas when acetic acid is added.

36
Q

What is the expected urine pH when Calcium Carbonate is administered?

A) Acidic
B) Neutral
C) Slightly Alkaline
D) Alkaline

A

D) Alkaline

AUBF MICROSCOPIC URINE EXAMINATION (13 decks)

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