VERBS

Question 1

5 properties

Answer 1

Person (1, 2, 3)
Number (S/P)
Tense (time & aspect)
Voice (active / passive)
Mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive)

Question 2

Tense

Answer 2

Time: present, past, future
Aspect: simple, progressive, repeated, or completed.

Question 3

Simple aspect

Answer 3

Action simply occurring
- I see a duck
- That boy ate dinner
- The girl will do lunch

Question 4

Progressive aspect

Answer 4

Action in progress
- The girl is eating
- The boy was walking when
- She will be coming to the mountain

Question 5

Repeated aspect

Answer 5

Repeated or habitual action
- She walks to school everyday
- The boy used to play soccer
- I shall sit here for hours

Question 6

Completed aspect

Answer 6

Action has already completed
- I have now finished my lunch
- They had sailed a thousand miles
- She will have finished her dinner

Question 7

Kinds of verbs

Answer 7

Transitive
Intransitive
Linking (copulative)

Question 8

Transitive verbs

Answer 8

Carry the action from subject to DO
- The cat catches the mouse

Question 9

Intransitive verbs

Answer 9

No D.O.
- The cat sleeps

Question 10

Linking (copulative) verbs

Answer 10

Equate subject with noun or adjective in the predicate.
- The cat is a thief; the cat is black.

Question 11

Active voice

Answer 11

The action is performed by the subject

Question 12

Passive voice

Answer 12

The subject receives the action

Question 13

Indicative mood

Answer 13

Mood for factual action (or question)

Question 14

Imperative mood

Answer 14

Give a command

Question 15

Subjunctive mood

Answer 15

To represent an action as possible, wished for, doubtful, or nonfactual.

Question 16

Principal parts

Answer 16

1 = first person singular present active indicative (I move)
2 = present active infinitive (to move)
3 = first person singular perfect active indicative (I moved / I have moved)
4 = perfect passive participle (having been moved)

Question 17

Four conjugations (families)

Answer 17

1st (a): voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus
2nd (e^-): moveo, movere, movi, motus
3rd (e): audio, audire, audivi, auditus

Question 18

Active personal endings

Answer 18

1S: o/m
2S: s
3S: t
1P: mus
2P: tis
3P: nt

Question 19

Active indicative:

Answer 19

Present: stem + endings
Imperfect: stem + ba + endings (m)
Future: stem + bi + endings (o)

Question 20

Sum active infinitive

Answer 20

Present: sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
Imperfect: eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant.
Future: ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt.

Question 21

Complementary infinitive

Answer 21

Infinitive used to complete the meaning of another verb.
(Laborare) debemus –> we ought to work

Question 22

Object infinitive

Answer 22

Infinitive as D.O.
Agricola (laborare) optat

Question 23

Dative of possessor

Answer 23

Noun in the dative case to indicate the person who possesses something.
Domino est liber –> the master has a book

Question 24

Irregular verb “eo, ire, ii/ivi, itum

Answer 24

Present: eo, is, it, imus, itis, eunt
Imperfect: ibam, ibas, ibat, ibamus, ibatis, ibant
Future: ibo, ibis, ibit, ibimus, ibitis, ibunt.

Question 25

Passive personal endings

Answer 25

1S: or/r
2S: ris/re
3S: tur
1P: mur
2P: mini
3P: ntur
* long vowels shorten before endings: m, t, nt, r, ntur.

Question 26

Passive indicative

Answer 26

Present: stem + endings
Imperfect: stem + ba + endings
Future: stem + bi (bu) + endings

Question 27

Ablative of personal agent

Answer 27

Expresses the person by whose agency an action is performed.
Preposition: a/ab
Nautae a poeta moventur –> the sailors are (being) stirred up by the poet.

Question 28

Passive voice: habeo & video

Answer 28

Video passive = seem
Habeo passive = be considered

Question 29

Subject infinitive

Answer 29

Subject of another verb
- Bonum est (laborare)

Question 30

Apposition

Answer 30

A noun receives further limitation/definition by its following noun.
- Regina, femina bona et magna, patriam Italiam amat = The queen, a good and great woman, lover (her) country Italy.
** must always agree in case to the noun it modifies.

Question 31

Changes to stem of 3rd, 3rd (io), and 4th verbs

Answer 31

PRESENT:
3rd: e –> i
3rd io: e –> i
4th: i^- stays
IMPERFECT (+ba^-) & FUTURE
3: e –> e^-
3i: e –> ie^-
4: i –> ie^-

Question 32

Present passive infinitive stem

Answer 32

Change final E to I^-
- regere > regi^-

Question 33

Imperative form

Answer 33

ACTIVE (move)
Singular: stem
Plural : stem +te
PASSIVE (be moved)
Singular: stem +re
Plural: stem +mini^-

Question 34

Perfect active system

Answer 34

Stem is taken from 3rd principal part
Perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect.
Stem = 3rd part - i –> (vocavi = vocav)

Question 35

Perfect active

Answer 35

Perfect active: stem + *endings
Pluperfect: stem + (era^-) + endings (m)
Future perfect: stem + (eri) +endigns (o)

Question 36

Perfect active endings

Answer 36

i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt/ere

Question 37

Perfect passive system

Answer 37

ppp + esse
(Stem + declension) + esse
**ppp ends in -tus OR -sus
PERFECT = sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
PLUPERFECT = eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant
FUTURE PERFECT = ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt.

Question 38

SUBJUNCTIVE

Answer 38

An action that did not happen (yet).
PRESENT:
Stem + e/ea/a/ia/ia + endings
IMPERFECT:
Take stem + lengthen e^- +endings
PERFECT:
Perfect active stem + (eri) + endings
*Passive: ppp + (present subj. of sum):
- sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint.
PLUPERFECT:
Perfect active stem + (isse^-) + endings
*Passive: ppp + (imperfect subj. of sum)
- essem, esses, esset, essemus, essetis, essent.

Question 39

Present active subjunctive of sum, possum, eo

Answer 39

Sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint.
Possim, possis, possit, possimus, possitis, possint.
Eam, eas, eat, eamus, eatis, eant.