Hydrolysis of ATP Flashcards
Energy released during the reactions of respiration is transferred to the molecule
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ATP is a small and soluble molecule that provides
a short-term store of chemical energy that cells can use to do work
It is vital in linking energy-requiring and energy-yielding reactions
ATP is described as a universal energy currency
universal :
currency
Universal: It is used in all organisms
Currency: Like money, it can be used for different purposes (reactions) and is reused countless times
The use of ATP as an ‘energy-currency’ is beneficial for many reasons:
The hydrolysis of ATP can be carried out quickly and easily wherever energy is required within the cell by the action of just one enzyme, ATPhydrolase
A useful (not too small, not too large) quantity of energy is released from the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule - this is beneficial as it reduces waste but also gives the cell control over what processes occurmajes sure cells dont overheat
ATP is relatively stable at cellular pH levels
Hydrolysis of ATP to
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi)
What is ATP hydrolysis reaction catalysed by
the enzyme ATP hydrolase sometimes called ‘ATPase’
The hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled to energy-requiring reactions within cells such as:
The active transport of ions up a concentration gradient
Enzyme controlled reactions that require energy
Muscle contraction and muscle fibre movement
As ADP forms ….. energy is released that can be used for processes within a cell eg. DNA ///////////
Free
synthesis
Removal of one phosphate group from ATP releases 30.8 kJ mol -1 of energy, forming ADP
Removal of a second phosphate group from ADP also releases 30.8 kJ mol-1 of energy, forming AMP
Removal of the third and final phosphate group from AMP releases 14.2 kJ mol-1 of energy, forming adenosine
The inorganic phosphate released during the hydrolysis of….. can be used to …………….. other compounds, often making them more ………..
ATP
phosphorylate
reactive
