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Biochem Exam 5 > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of synapse?

A

electrical and chemical

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2
Q

What are electrical synapses?

A

two neurons connected by a gap junction that allow electrical current to flow directly from one cell to the other

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3
Q

What are chemical synapses?

A

release neurotransmitters from presynaptic membrane and bind to receptors on post synaptic membrane

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4
Q

What do neurotransmitters trigger?

A

EPSP, IPSP, or modulate the post synaptic cell

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5
Q

What allows the voltage gated ion channels to open?

A

change in membrane potential

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6
Q

What helps to dock the vesicles and allow membranes to fuse of pre and post synaptic neurons?

A

SNARE proteins in the SV and plasma membrane

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7
Q

What does synaptotagmin activate?

A

synaptobrevin

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8
Q

What does synaptobrevin activate?

A

SNAP-25 and syntaxin

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9
Q

What does botulinum toxin do?

A

prevent calcium release for muscle contraction
-do not allow the SNARE proteins to be activated

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10
Q

What are excitatory NT?

A

-glutamate
-aspartate
-nitric oxide

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11
Q

What are inhibitory NT?

A

-glycine
-GABA
-serotonin
-dopamine

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12
Q

What NT are both excitatory and inhibitory?

A

acetylcholine and norepinephrine

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13
Q

What ions have a higher concentration outside the cell?

A

-Na
-Ca
-Cl

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14
Q

What ions have a higher concentration inside the cell?

A

-K
-Mg

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15
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

-65 mV

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16
Q

What do excitatory NTs do?

A

open cation channels for Na and Ca

17
Q

What do inhibitory NTs do?

A

open Cl channels

18
Q

What is a graded potential?

A

action potentials that must move down the axon to the hillock
-loses some of the signal is it moves

19
Q

What is an action potential?

A

when the membrane potential reaches the threshold and an all or nothing response occurs

20
Q

What allows action potentials to only flow one way down the axon?

A

the Na channels have an inactivation gate that do not allow them to be open again until the resting membrane potential is back

21
Q

How is serotonin created?

A

-tryptophan -> 5-hydrotryptophan -> serotonin

22
Q

How is dopamine created?

A

tyrosin -> DOPA -> dopamine

23
Q

How is norepinephrine made?

A

tyrosin -> DOPA -> dopamine-> norepinephrine

24
Q

How is epinephrine made?

A

tyrosin -> DOPA -> dopamine-> norepinephrine-> epinephrine

25
Q

What neurotransmitters are released by the hypothalamus?

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, somatostatin

26
Q

What NTs are released by the pituitary?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, thyrotropin, growth hormone, vasopressin, and oxytocin

27
Q

What NTs are endorphins?

A

enkephalins and opiods

28
Q
A

Biochem Exam 5 (12 decks)

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