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thy 414 ex. pres. chronic diseases > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

A temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain that can produce symptoms of neurological deficit is known as a _____

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) (mini stroke)

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2
Q

In order for exercise alone to be an efficient weight loss plan, it requires what kind of exercise?

A

High intensity
High volume
Extended duration

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3
Q

What kind of wound is typically found on the bottom of a patient’s foot?

A

Diabetic ulcer

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4
Q

True or False:
Hyaline cartilage, found in joints, has good blood supply and can heal itself when injured.

A

False, it has bad blood supply.

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5
Q

_______ is tissue death due to lack of oxygen.

A

Infarction

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6
Q

Which methods of body composition measurement utilize different applications of the same principle?

A

Hydrostatic weighing and bod pod

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7
Q

True or False:
Granulation tissue should be removed when performing wound debridement.

A

False, granulation tissue is the good tissue that is healing.

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7
Q

Typical characteristics of OA include what?

A

Large joints
Crepitus
Stiffness less than 30 minutes

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7
Q

What is the only lung volume that cannot be measured with spirometry?

A

Residual volume

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8
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Type 2 diabetes except:

A

Affects the body’s ability to produce insuline

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9
Q

Which postural drainage position is to be avoided if you are attempting to avoid increased intracranial pressure?

A

Trendelenburg

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10
Q

True or False:
Hemorrhagic strokes tend to be more common than ischemic strokes.

A

False

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11
Q

What are some of the characteristics of RA?

A

Systemic
Bilateral presentation
joint deformity

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12
Q

A _______ is a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and remains in place.

A

Thrombus

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13
Q

What type of wound dressing should be used with a dry wound bed?

A

Hydrocolloid

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14
Q

When the lungs do not function properly, the body starts using muscles in what area of the body to compensate?

A

Chest and back

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15
Q

True or False:
Hemorrhagic stroke patients have a greater chance of complete recovery, compared to ischemic stroke patients.

A

True

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16
Q

Cerebral hemorrhages can occur as a result of:

A

Cerebral aneurysm
Defective artery bursting
Arteriovenous malformation
Brain tumor

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17
Q

What volume of gas is remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?

A

Residual volume

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18
Q

True or False:
Airflow obstruction in COPD patients is only partially reversible with smoking cessation and bronchodilator usage.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False:
Tissue plasminogen activator is given for hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes to limit the amount of damage.

A

False

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20
Q

A negative energy balance _______

A

Uses stored body fat as energy

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21
Q

True or False:
RA is an autoimmune disease that leads to inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule.

A

True

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22
Q

What kind of debridement utilizes maggots during treatment?

A

Biologic

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23
Q

True or False:
Injury to the left cerebral hemisphere produces sensory and motor deficits on the right side.

A

True

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24
Q

_______ is a speech disorder resulting from paralysis, weakness, or inability to coordinate the muscles that control mouth movement.

A

Dysarthria

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25
Q

Which of the following are contraindications for manual techniques during postural drainage?

A

Recent epidural
Suspected tuberculosis
Recently placed pacemaker
Osteoporosis

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26
Q

True or False:
Modified activity and exercise cannot cure arthritis, only reduce pain and slow rate of decline.

A

True

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27
Q

When using diaphragmatic breathing or pursed lip breathing techniques, the exhalation should be ______ inhalation.

A

2x longer than

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28
Q

What cerebral lobe is involved in sensation, and contains the primary sensory cortex?

A

Partietal

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29
Q

True or False:
Females require more essential fat than men for normal body functioning.

A

True

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30
Q

What lung volume is the maximum volume of gas that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

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31
Q

When bacteria has caused delayed wound healing, but has not invaded the tissues, it is known as ___________

A

Critical colonization

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32
Q

Which disease process consists of an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas?

A

Juvenile diabetes

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33
Q

What part of the brain controls reflexes, balance, and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

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34
Q

Cerebrovascular accidents that occur in the _____ area of the brain generally require artificial life support following.

A

Brain stem

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35
Q

___________ results in continuous damage to joint structures that deteriorates over time.

A

Osteoarthritis

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36
Q

True or False:
During the spastic stage of stroke recovery, there is loss of sensation and muscle stretch reflexes that can result in subluxation.

A

False

37
Q

When performing wound debridement, what tissue should you remove?

A

Slough and eschar

38
Q

True or False:
When performing postural drainage, a full stomach a preferred in order to reduce risk of aspiration.

A

False, you want an empty stomach

39
Q

Essential fat, in men, should be what percentage of total body weight?

A

3-5%

40
Q

What is the most serious risk factor for a stroke?

A

HTN

41
Q

Exercise is contraindicated in diabetic patients whose glucose levels are in what range?

A

> 240 mg/dL
< 100 mg/dL

42
Q

To minimize the loss of muscle tissue during weight loss, body weight reduction should not exceed ______ pounds per week

A

2-3 pounds

43
Q

What risk factor is responsible for most cases of COPD?

A

Smoking

44
Q

Which method of body composition measurement can be altered by hydration status?

A

Bioelectrical impedance

45
Q

True or False:
Most diets can produce short term weight loss, but maintaining permanent weight loss is more problematic.

A

True

46
Q

What hormone is the “key” that unlocks the cell to allow glucose to enter and be used for energy?

A

Insulin

47
Q

What lung volume describes the maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?

A

Vital capacity

48
Q

A patient is considered hypoxic at what oxygen saturation level?

A

Less than 90%

49
Q

Intermittent claudication is defined as ________

A

Pain that occurs in a muscle recieving inadequate blood supply.

50
Q

According to ACSM risk stratification categories, what level of risk describes an individual with 1 or more signs and symptoms.

A

High risk

51
Q

Benefits of field tests for cardiorespiratory fitness include ______

A

Large number of people can usually be tested at one time.

52
Q

Disease dependent risks are defined as _____

A

The adverse effects of exercise that are consequence of disease.

53
Q

Which of the following is a benefit of resistance training?

A

Increased lean body mass
Improved blood glucose levels
Fewer cardiovascular disease events

54
Q

In an EKG, which wave represents atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

55
Q

True or False:
In the heart, the left atrium and ventricle are oxygen poor while the right atrium and ventricle are oxygen rich.

A

False

56
Q

According to the ACSM guidelines, what is a relative contraindication for BP screening prior to an exercise stress test?

A

SBP >200 OR DBP >110

57
Q

Which blood vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

58
Q

Which of the following is an example of a self-guided screening for physical activity?

A

PAR-Q+

59
Q

What is the most controllable influence over your health?

A

Lifestyle behavior

60
Q

When reading an EKG, what represents ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

61
Q

What is the correct order of blood flow through the heart?

A

Right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > left atrium > mitral valve > left atrium

62
Q

What is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

63
Q

True or False:
The parasympathetic nervous system determines the fight or flight response.

A

False, sympathetic determines fight or flight

64
Q

___________ occurs if plaque build up occurs in major arteries that supply oxygen rich blood to your legs and arms.

A

Peripheral artery disease

65
Q

What is the most serious of all arrhythmias?

A

V-fib

66
Q

True or False:
Sequential preventricular contractions can be a precursor to further detrimental arrhythmias.

A

True

67
Q

Low level exercise following a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) can occur at what point in recovery?

A

2-3 hours

68
Q

True or False:
Unstable angina is predictable and occurs with a specific amount of work.

A

False

69
Q

True or False:
A BP of 121/71 is considered “optimal”.

A

False

70
Q

To be in the objective portion of a SOAP note, it must be _______.

A

Measurable and repeatable

71
Q

Goals that you create of a patient should be all of the following:

A

SMART goals

72
Q

The appropriate positioning for taking BP consists of what?

A

Seated
Uncrossed legs
No clothing is possible

73
Q

What type of cardiac arrhythmias can be “shocked” back into normal sinus rhythm?

A

V-fib and V-tach

74
Q

Which artery is the most common location for an MI?

A

Left anterior descending artery (LADA)

75
Q

On an EKG, ST segment elevation is a common characteristic of _________

A

MI

76
Q

What can become the pacemaker of the heart if the SA and AV nodes fail respectively?

A

Purkinje fibers

77
Q

When taking a manual BP, the disappearance of sound is representative of what?

A

DBP

78
Q

Long term complications of HTN include all of the following, except:

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

79
Q

An optimal number for LDL cholesterol is ____

A

Less than 100

80
Q

What describes a patient with moderate risk according to ACSM risk stratification?

A

Asymptomatic individual with 2 or more risk factors

81
Q

Major signs and symptoms suggestive of CVD, pulmonary, or metabolic disease include which of the following?

A

Ankle edema
Palpitations
Intermittent claduication
SOB with usual activities

82
Q

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to exercise?

A

Unstable angina

83
Q

True or False:
You should stop exercising in low risk adults if the subject asks to stop.

A

True

84
Q

According to the dose response curve, increasing _________ will increase the response, but also increase the risk of disease dependent problems.

A

Frequency, duration, and intensity

85
Q

True or False:
Low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins are considered “bad” cholesterol.

A

True

86
Q

Reducing the amount of _________ fat in your diet can help lower blood cholesterol levels.

A

Saturated

87
Q

A positive value for risk strat occurs with all of the following, except:

A

50 year old female

88
Q

___________ is extreme muscle inflammation and damage that can lead to kidney damage.

A

Rhabomyolysis

89
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the SA and AV nodes?

A

Right coronary artery

90
Q

True or False:
A hypertensive diagnosis is characterized by an SBP of 140 and DBP of 90.

A

False

91
Q

The procedure that utilizes a vessel from elsewhere in the body to bypass an obstructed coronary artery through the large sternal incision is known as ___________.

A

Traditional coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

92
Q

The most common symptom of ischemia ___________

A

Angina

thy 414 ex. pres. chronic diseases (6 decks)

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