Disease of Immunity

Question 1

What are the 3 disorders of the immune system?

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity reactions

Autoimmune diseases

Immunodeficiency diseases

Question 2

Does hypersensitivity happen only after the host had encountered the specific antigen before?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Is immunodeficiency diseases a genetic or acquired defect?

Answer 3

both la

Question 4

How many types of hypersensitivity are there?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Which type(s) of hypersensitivity have antibodies involved?

Answer 5

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

Question 6

Which antibodies are involved in type 1, type 2 and type 3 respectively?

Answer 6

Type 1
-> IgE

Type 2 & 3
-> IgM & IgG

Question 7

Can a disease associated with hypersensitivity reactions involve more than 1 type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is the cell involved in early stages?
What are the 4 cells involved in late stages?

Answer 8

Early
-> Mast cells

Late
-> Neutrophils
-> Eosinophils
-> Macrophage
-> Lymphocytes

Question 9

What are the 3 main early reactions in type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 9

Mast cell degranulation
-> release of preformed vasoactive substances

Vasodilation & Vascular congestion

Edema

Question 10

What are the differences between primary ( preformed ) mediators and secondary ( newly synthesized ) mediators?

Answer 10

Primary mediators
-> already stored in granules of Mast cells
-> rapidly released
- -> immediate effects

Secondary mediators
-> synthesized / modified after activated

Question 11

What are 4 examples of primary mediators of Mast cells?

Answer 11

Vasoactive
-> histamine

Chemotactic factors

Enzyme
-> protease

Proteoglycans

Question 12

What are 2 examples of secondary mediators of Mast cells?

Answer 12

Cytokines
-> IL- 4, 5, 6
-> TNF - alpha

PAF ( platelet - activating factor )

Question 13

What is the downside of degranulation of eosinophils in type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 13

Enzymes released don’t only harm target but also normal cells

Question 14

What is anaphylactoid reaction and what is the main difference between it and anaphylaxis?

Answer 14

Non

No prior sensitization required for anaphylactoid reaction

Question 15

Is Th1 or Th2 favored in type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 15

Th2

Question 16

What does pruritus mean?

Answer 16

Itchy

Question 17

Allergic dermatitis is a cutaneous manifestation of a type ? hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 17

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Question 18

Which layer of epithelium will be thickened during allergic dermatitis?

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

Answer 18

Stratum Spinosum

Question 19

When we see collagenolysis, which cells should first come to our mind that caused it?

Answer 19

Mast cell degranulation
-> release protease?

Tumor cell?

Question 20

What stain is used for staining Mast cells?
Which part of mast cell does it stain?

Answer 20

Toluidine blue stain
-> stains Mast cells’ granules

Question 21

What is the main antibodies found in type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 21

IgG
IgM

Question 22

What are 2 types of antigen attacked by antibodies in type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 22

Endogenous
-> Altered self - protein

Exogenous
->Foreign antigen binding to cell
–> Hapten

Question 23

What are the 2 types of cell destruction of type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 23

ADCC
-> antibody - dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Complement - mediated lysis
-> MAC
–> Membrane attack complex

Question 24

What is the major cell studied in type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 24

Blood cells