LIR/ Calvin Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

When in the stroma, what do the H+ ions and electrons do?

A

react with the co-enzyme NADP to form reduced NADP (NADPH)

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3
Q

What protein do H+ ions diffuse through?

A

ATP synthase

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4
Q

What enzyme catalyses the LIR?

A

Rubisco

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5
Q

Why is the LIR temperature sensitive?

A

because it requires enzymes

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6
Q

What is used in the Calvin cycle?

A

reduced NADP, ATP, CO2

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7
Q

What is the role of ATP in the Calvin cycle?

A

hydrolysed to release energy and phosphate ions needed in the formation of TP from GP

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8
Q

What is required in order to form triose phosphate molecules?

A

ATP and a H from reduced NADP

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of what the glucose can be used to make?

A

glycerol used to make lipids
combine with nitrates to form amino acids
stored as starch
used in cell walls as cellulose

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10
Q

How many times does the Calvin cycle need to happen before a hexose sugar (e.g glucose can be made)?

A

6

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11
Q

Why is ATP needed for the second time in the Calvin cycle?

A

to regenerate the RuBP by joining a TP molecule to the molecule that donated it’s carbon atom for use in making organic molecules

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12
Q

How many Carbon atoms leave the 2 x TP molecules to be used in organic molecules?

A

1

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13
Q

What is GP reduced to form?

A

triose phosphate

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14
Q

What does the reaction between RuBP and CO2 form?

A

2 x glycerate 3-phosphate (GP) (3 carbon compound)

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15
Q

What reaction does rubisco catalyse?

A

the reaction between CO2 and RuBP

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16
Q

How many carbons are in RuBP/ribulose biphosphate?

A

5

17
Q

What is the role of the reduced NADP in the Calvin cycle?

A

donates H to reduce molecule GP

18
Q

Describe the LIR

A
  • CO2 reacts with RuBP which is catalysed by rubisco
  • Forms a 6 C unstable molecule which is broken down
  • This forms 2 GP
  • GP reduced to triose phosphate, using reduced NADP and energy from ATP
  • 2 molecules of TP (per 12) go to make hexose
  • 10 molecules of TP (per 12) form 6 molecules RuBP
  • all RuBP regenerated
19
Q

Why won’t the LIR occur if the LDR doesn’t occur?

A
  • no ATP
  • no NADPH
    needed for LIR (converting GP to TP)
20
Q

Why will the rate of LIR decrease if rate of Rubisco decreases?

A
  • no CO2 reacts with RuBP
  • so no GP
21
Q

Where is Rubisco found in a cell?

A
  • stroma of chloroplasts
22
Q

What is the role of NADPH in LIR?

A

provides H for reduction of GP to TP
(reduces GP)