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Unit 2 - Functional Anatomy > D - Skeletal System > Flashcards

D - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

End of a bone

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2
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

Shaft of the bone

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3
Q

What is the articular cartilage?

A

Cartilage surrounding end of the bone

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4
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage?

A

Protects the bone from wear and tear
Allows for friction free movement

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5
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Thin film covering bone, and has nerves and blood vessels that feed the bone

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6
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Dense bone in shaft (Crunchie)

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7
Q

What is compact bone resistant to?

A

Resistant to bending

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8
Q

What is cancellous bone?

A

More open texture bone found in epiphysis (Areo)

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9
Q

What does the cancellous bone provide?

A

Provides elastic strength

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10
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

A cavity in the bone that contains bone marrow

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11
Q

What are the types of bone marrow, and what do they provide?

A

Red bone marrow
- Produces red blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
-Stores fat

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12
Q

What is the growth plate?

A

The site of bone growth

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13
Q

What are the 3 main bone minerals?

A

Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium

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14
Q

What is a notch?

A

A deep indentation in the bone

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15
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A shallow dip in the bone

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16
Q

What is a condoyle?

A

Round prominence at the end of the bone

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17
Q

What is a border?

A

The edge of a bone

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18
Q

What is a process?

A

Part of a bone that projects out from the main body of the bone

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19
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A projection of bone used for muscle or tendon attachment

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20
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Cells that build bone

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21
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that clear away old bone

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22
Q

Bullet point the process of bone ossification

A

-Osteoclasts destroy areas of older bone, and the tissue is then reabsorbed into the body
-The osteoclasts activity triggers osteoblasts to lay down collagen and minerals in the area that was destroyed
-The osteoblasts turn into osteoclytes, and form new bone

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23
Q

Name 3 sources of calcium

A

Dairy foods, dark leafy green vegetables, beans/pulses

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24
Q

Name 3 sources of phosphorus

A

Nuts, seeds, oats

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25
Q

Name 3 sources of vitamin D

A

Oily fish, liver, eggs

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26
Q

How many bones does an adult skeleton have?

A

206

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27
Q

How many bones does a babies skeleton have?

A

About 300

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28
Q

Name the 5 sections of the vertabrae

A
  • Cervical
    -Thoracic
    -Lumbar
    -Sacrum
    -Coccyx
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29
Q

What are the top 2 vertebrae called?

A

Atlas and Axis

30
Q

What are the pads of cartilage called in between each vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral discs

31
Q

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

A

They act as shock absorbers to protect the vertebrae from impact

32
Q

How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?

A

7

33
Q

How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

34
Q

How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

35
Q

How many bones are in the sacrum vertebrae?

A

5

36
Q

How many bones are in the coccyx vertebrae?

A

4

37
Q

What parts of the skeleton make up the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

38
Q

What parts of the skeleton make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

39
Q

What are the 5 types of bone?

A

-Long
-Short
-Irregular
-Flat
-Sesamoid

40
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A

Main function is to act as a lever

41
Q

What is the function of short bones?

A

Designed for strength and weight bearing

42
Q

What is the function of flat bones?

A

Protection for internal organs

43
Q

What is the function of irregular bones?

A

Variety of functions, including protection and muscle attachment

44
Q

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

A

Ease joint movement and resist friction/compression

45
Q

What are ligaments made of?

A

Tough, white fibres which are inelastic

46
Q

Ligaments have poor blood supply. What 2 things does this cause?

A

-Whiteness in colour
-Increased time to heal if damaged

47
Q

What is the function of ligaments?

A

Attach bone to bone, whilst stabalising the joint

48
Q

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

A

-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous
-Synovial

49
Q

State an example of a fibrous joint

A

Between the plates in the cranium

50
Q

State an example of a cartilaginous joint

A

Between the vertabrae

51
Q

State an example of a synovial joint

A

Elbow

52
Q

Name the 6 types of synovial joint

A

-Hinge
-Ball + Socket
-Pivot
-Condyloid
-Saddle
-Gliding

53
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

Knee

54
Q

Give an example of a ball + socket joint

A

Shoulder

55
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint

A

Neck

56
Q

Give an example of a condyloid joint

A

Wrist

57
Q

Give an example of a saddle joint

A

Base of thumb

58
Q

Give an example of a gliding joint

A

Between carpals

59
Q

What is the function of a joint capsule?

A

Keeps the contents in place

60
Q

What is the function of a synovial membrane?

A

Releases synovial fluid

61
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Thick oil-like solution; lubricates the joint and allows free movement

62
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage?

A

Prevents wear and tear to the ends of bone

63
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

Fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction free movement

64
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Connects muscle to bone

65
Q

Name the 6 functions of the skeletal system

A

1) Provides a supporting framework for the body
2) Offers protection of organs
3) Attachment for skeletal muscle
4) Source of blood cell production
5) Storage of minerals
6) Movement

66
Q

Supporting framework for the body:
Gives the body its distinctive _____ and _________ to attach _______ and other ____ ______

A

Supporting framework for the body:
Gives the body its distinctive shape and framework to attach muscles and other soft tissue

67
Q

Protection of organs:
Bones _______ and _______ the vital ______, e.g. ______ > reproductive organs, and vertebrae > ______ ____

A

Protection of organs:
Bones support and protect the vital organs, e.g. pelvis > reproductive organs, and vertebrae > spinal cord

68
Q

Attachment for skeletal muscle:
Bones provide ________ for the __________ of tendons and ligaments

A

Attachment for skeletal muscle:
Bones provide surfaces for the attachment of tendons and ligaments

69
Q

Source of blood cell production:
Certain bones contain ___ ____ ______. These produce ___ _____ _____ and _________

A

Source of blood cell production:
Certain bones contain red bone marrow. These produce red blood cells and platelets

70
Q

Storage of minerals:
The bones themselves are made of minerals within a _________ ______, storing _______, __________ and ________

A

Storage of minerals:
The bones themselves are made of minerals within a cartilage matrix, storing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium

71
Q

Movement:
Bones act as _______, forming ______ and allowing ________ to ____ on them to ______ movement

A

Movement:
Bones act as levers, forming joints and allowing muscles to pull on them to create movement

Unit 2 - Functional Anatomy (6 decks)

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