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PMLS 1 > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q
  • Analyze exfoliated/abraded cells
  • Major role in determining etiology of disease
A

CYTOLOGY

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2
Q
  • CELLS SEPARATED FROM SUPERFICIAL OR DEEP
    SEROSAL/MUCOSAL SURFACES
  • EARLY DETECTION OF MALIGNANCY
A

EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

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3
Q

Exfoliative Cytology

  • IF SUGGESTIVE OF MALIGNANCY
A

BIOPSY

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4
Q
  • CELLS TAKEN DIRECTLY FROM SURFACES OF
    EXCISED/INCISED SPECIMENS
    -TOUCH WITH A CLEAN GLASS SLIDE
A

IMPRINT/ABRADED CYTOLOGY

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5
Q

Vocab (imprint/ abraded cytology)

-to surgically remove a part of the body (via cutting off)
-to remove a body part from the body

A

Excised/ Excision

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6
Q

Vocab (imprint/ abraded cytology)

-to make a cut or opening in/on the body (usually with a scalpel)
-no extraction

A

Incised/ Incision

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7
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

  • CELLS AND OTHER COMPONENTS ARE SPREAD
    OUT THINLY     IN A CLEAN GLASS SLIDE
    -FOR GYNECOLOGIC MATERIALS (CERVICAL,
    VAGINAL, VAGINAL POOL, AND ENDOMETRIAL
    SMEARS)
A

SMEAR TECHNIQUE

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8
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

Perpendicular placement of glass slides

A

SMEAR TECHNIQUE: CRUSH TECHNIQUE

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9
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

Parallel placement of glass slides

A

SMEAR TECHNIQUE: PUSH-PULL TECHNIQUE

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10
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

  • PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SPECIMEN DERIVED FROM
    DIFFERENT FLUIDS/ASPIRATED MATERIALS
    -MAINLY USED WITH SMEARS
  • ESTABLISH A MORE DEFINITIVE
    CYTOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

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11
Q

TECHNIQUES IN EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

- FREQ. USED IN SUSPECTED MALIGNANCIES

A

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

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12
Q

ADVANTAGES OF CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)

A
  1. Architectural evaluation
    (histologic pattern of tumor)
  2. Categorization of tumors that are otherwise not possible for smears 3. Special stains and immunohistochemistry
  3. Immunophenotyping, molecular studies (CISH, FISH, PCR)
  4. As archival material for future studies
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13
Q

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”) Values

SEROUS FLUID

A

20-30 mL

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14
Q

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”) Values

GASTRIC WASHING

A

5-10mL

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15
Q

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”) Values

URINE

A

3 SAMPLES, FIRST-MORNING-VOID, 50-100 mL

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16
Q

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”) Values

SPUTUM

A

SPONTANEOUS/NORMAL TECHNIQUE OR
INDUCED COLLECTION

17
Q

CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE (“MICROBIOPSY”)
STEPS

A
  1. Centrifuge fluid
  2. Decant supernatant
  3. Pour 1/2 of the sediments over 10% formalin for cell block until they harden
  4. Place hardened sediments for microtomy
  5. Process sediments for microtomy
  6. Stain using Papnicolau stain
  7. Mount sediments
  8. Label the slide
18
Q
  • COLLECT CELLS USING FILTER WITH SPECIFIC
    PORE SIZE
A

MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD

19
Q

MEMBRANE FILTER COMPONENTS

A

POLYCARBONATE + CELLULOSE ESTERS

20
Q
  • CYTODIAGNOSIS OF URINE, SPINAL FLUID,
    BRONCHIAL WASHING, SUBS W/ ↓ CELLULAR CONTENT
A

MEMBRANE FILTER METHOD

21
Q
  • CELLS ARE ISOLATED VIA SERIES OF
    CENTRIFUGATION STEPS
  • CONCENTRATES CELLS INTO SMALL
    SUSPENSION
A

CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

22
Q

CYTOSPIN + SEDIMENTAION PREPARATIONS

A

CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE

23
Q
  • ENABLES CELLS TO BE SPREAD IN A SINGLE LAYER
A

LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

24
Q

LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

TWO COMMON METHODS

A

1. ThinPrep
2. SurePap

25
Q

ADVANTAGES OF LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY

A
  1. Improved cell representation
  2. Improved specificity & sensitivity due to better fixation and well visualized nuclear details
  3. Abnormal cells are clearly seen & easily identified (not obscured by blood, mucus, & inflammatory cells which contribute to unsatisfactory smears)
  4. Remaining/ residual cell suspension can be used to make further cytological preparations or other tests (detection of HPV DNA and imunocytochemistry)
26
Q
  • USED TO OBTAIN SPECIMENTS THAT DO NOT SHED
    CELLS SPONTANEOUSLY
  • USED FOR DIAGNOSING ANY PALPABLE LESIONS AND
    DEEP-SEATED/NON-PALPABLE LESIONS
A

ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY

27
Q

Aspiration Cytology Techniques

  • MOSTLY ON PALPABLE SUPERFICIAL LESIONS
  • HAS BOTH DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC
    INDICATIONS
A

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY (FNAB)

28
Q

Aspiration Cytology Techniques

ACCURACY OF TEST MAY DEPEND ON SIZE OF
LESION (I.E. SMALLER = ↓ SENSITIVE)

A

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY (FNAB)

29
Q
  • TEST FOR CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN
  • HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
A

PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR (PAP SMEAR)

30
Q

Fill in the Blanks

”ALL __ ARE CAUSED BY __,
BUT NOT ALL __ CAUSE __.”

A

”ALL CERVICAL CANCER CASES ARE CAUSED BY HPV,
BUT NOT ALL HPV INFECTIONS CAUSE CERVICAL
CANCER.”

31
Q

PAP Smear Specimen Requirements

AGES 21 TO 29

A

CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE
EVERY 3 YEARS

32
Q

PAP Smear Specimen Requirements

AGES 30 TO 65

A

CERVICAL CYTOLOGY ALONE
EVERY 3 YEARS W/ hrHPV TEST ALONE EVERY 5
YEARS OR BOTH TESTS EVERY 5 YEARS

33
Q

PAP Smear Specimen Requirements

AGES < 21 & >65

A

NO TESTING

34
Q
  • IF SMEAR SHOWS EPITHELIAL CELL
    ABNORMALITY: COLPOSCOPY & BIOPSY
A

PAP SMEAR DIAGNOSTIC TEST

35
Q

PAP SMEAR TESTING PROCEDURE

A
  1. COLLECT CELLS FROM TRANSFORMATION ZONE
  2. PROCEED WITH EITHER LIQUID-BASED
    CYTOLOGY     OR CONVENTIONAL METHOD

PMLS 1 (2 decks)

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