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HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy > Chapter 23 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

pump

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2
Q

Blood

A

fluid pumped by heart

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3
Q

Blood Vessels

A

-arteries (oxygenated blood)
-veins (deoxygenated blood)
-tubular roadways

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4
Q

Role of Cardiovascular System

A

perform material exchange between blood and tissue cells

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5
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

extends to all body regions

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6
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

consists of vessels to and from the lungs

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7
Q

Arteries

A

-carry blood away from the heart to organs
-branch out and become smaller
-lead to capillaries

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8
Q

Veins

A

-return blood to the heart
-become progressively larger as they merge and approach the heart
-formed from merging of venules

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9
Q

Anastomosis

A

-convergence of 2 or more vessels
-veins anastomose more than arteries

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10
Q

Which arteries don’t anastomose?

A

end arteries

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11
Q

Companion Vessels

A

arteries and veins that lie next to each other

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

-at a cellular level
-are exchange vessels

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13
Q

Arteriole

A
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14
Q

Tunica Interna (Intima)

A

-endothelium
-subendothelial layer
-internal elastic lamina

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15
Q

Endothelium

A

-innermost lining
-made of simple squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Subendothelial Layer

A

-made of areolar connective tissue
-provides a physical support base for the epithelial layer
-collagen fibres provide tensile strength

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17
Q

Internal Elastic Lamina

A

-separates Tunica intima from tunica media

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18
Q

Tunica Media

A

-a smooth muscular and connective tissue layer (elastic fibers)
-thick layer

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19
Q

Smooth Muscle Cells

A

-adjust with diameter of the lumen wall to regulate blood flow and pressure

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20
Q

Vasodilation

A

-blood vessel widens
-muscles relax
-enhance blood flow to areas in need

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21
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

-blood vessel narrows
-muscles relax
-restrict blood flow to certain areas

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22
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

-innervates smooth muscles and blood vessels

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23
Q

External Elastic Lamina

A

-separates tunica media from tunica externa

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24
Q

Tunica Externa

A

-forms a covering and consists of elastic and collagen fibers
-numerous nerves
-anchors the vessels to surrounding tissues

25
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

-vessels to the vessels
-tiny blood vessels that supply the tissue of the vessel wall
-seen on large vessels (ie. aorta)

26
Q

Arteries (compared to veins)

A

-narrower lumen
-thicker
-retains shape
-tunica media is the thickest
-more elastic and collagen fibers
-no valves
-higher BP
-transports blood away from heart

27
Q

Systemic Arteries

A

transport blood with high O2

28
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

transport blood low in O2

29
Q

Veins (compared to arteries)

A

-wider lumen
-thinner walls
-collapse if no blood in vein
-tunica externa is thickest
-less collagen and elastic fibers
-has valves
-lower BP
-transports blood to heart

30
Q

Systemic Veins

A

transport blood low in O2

31
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

transport blood high in O2

32
Q

Elastic Arteries

A

-largest of the 3
-contain mostly elastic fibers
-abundant tunica media
-near heart
-allow stretch
-branch into muscular arteries

33
Q

Examples of Elastic Arteries

A

-aorta
-pulmonary trunk
-brachiocephalic, carotid, subclavian, iliac arteries

34
Q

Muscular Arteries

A

-medium sized
-more smooth muscle than elastic fibres
-subject to greater vasodilation/constriction
-well defined internal elastic lamina but thin external elastic lamina
-no recoil
-have vascular tone

35
Q

Vascular Tone

A

-partial contraction of smooth muscles that prevent collapse when empty

36
Q

Examples of Muscular Arteries

A

-brachial
-anterior tibial
-coronary
-inferior mesenteric

37
Q

Arterioles (aka resistance vessels)

A

-smallest arteries
-shape and size vary
-generally have less than six cell layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media

38
Q

Sympathetic Innervation

A

-to smooth muscles of tunica media causes vasoconstricition
-elevates BP and decreases local blood flow

39
Q

Capillaries

A

-smallest vessels
-walls consists solely of tunica intima
-exchange vessel of the body (gas and waste between blood and tissues)

40
Q

WHAT CANT CAPILLARIES DO BECAUSE THEY LACK T EXTERNA AND MEDIA

A
41
Q

Composition of Capillaries

A

-single layer of endothelial cells that allow for easy diffusion

42
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A

-pleural membrane of endothelial cells form a continuous tube
-interrupted only by intercellular clefts
-located in muscles and the brain

43
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

-pleural membranes have fenestrations (openings)
-located in small intestine and kidneys

44
Q

Sinusoids

A

-wider and very winding
-have large fenestrations
-incomplete/absent basement membrane
-have very large intercellular clefts that
-located in bone marrow and liver

45
Q

Intercellular Clefts

A

allow proteins, blood cells to pass from tissue into bloodstream

46
Q

Veins

A

-same layers as arteries but with little smooth msucle and elastic fibers
-t externa is the thickest
-contains valves
-lower pressure
-function as blood reservoirs

47
Q

What do veins lack?

A

-internal or external elastic laminae
-don’t adapt to variations in volume and pressure

48
Q

Venules

A

-the smallest veins
-companion vessels with arterioles

49
Q

Postcapillary Venules

A

the smallest of the venules

50
Q

Diapedesis

A

-leukocytes migrate from the bloodstream to interstitial fluid
-occurs through walls of postcapillary venules

51
Q

Which of the vessels is more deep?

A

veins are more superficial, arteries are deeper

52
Q

Fetal Circulation

A

-allows developing fetus to exchange materials with its mother
-fetus obtains O2 and nutrients and eliminates CO2 and waste with maternal blood

53
Q

Placenta

A

where the exchange of materials occurs

54
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

-attaches to placenta and baby
-contains blood vessels that branch into capillaries in the placenta

55
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

-…
-becomes ligamentum arteriosum

56
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

-…
-becomes ligamentum venosum

57
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

-…
-becomes fossa ovalis

58
Q

Umbilical Arteries

A

-…
-become medial umbilical ligaments

59
Q

Umbilical Vein

A

-…
-becoes round ligament of the liver

HLSC 120 - Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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