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Social Influence > LST 2 > Flashcards

LST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who put forward the three types of conformity?

A

Kelman (1958)

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2
Q

Who proposed the two explanations for conformity?

A

Deutsch and Gerard (1955)

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3
Q

Define conformity

A

A change in a person’s behaviour or opinions as a result of real or imagined pressure from a person or group of people.

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4
Q

What is the relationship between conformity and group size?

A

Conformity increases with group size but only up to a point – it then begins to level off when the majority was greater than three.

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5
Q

** 2. What percentage in Asch’s 1951 study not conform to ANY trials?
**

A

25%

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6
Q

How many trials in Asch’s study?

A

18 (12 critical)

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7
Q

When investigating unanimity, the presence of a dissenting confederate meant conformity was reduced by ________ from the level it was when the majority was unanimous.

A

A quarter

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8
Q

Why was the task difficulty variation conduced in 1955 an example of ISI?

A

As the situation was more ambiguous and thus ppts. looked to others for guidance.

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9
Q

How did Perrin and Spencer’s 1980 study question Asch’s 1951 study?

A

Only one engineering student conformed in a total of 396 trials – suggesting that not everyone conforms for social approval.

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10
Q

Who found that women are more conformist – questioning whether Asch’s study on 123 male ppts applies to women. Neto 1995 or any other correct study.

A

Netto 1995

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11
Q

Define social roles.

A

The ‘parts’ people play as members of social groups. These are accompanied by expectations society has on appropriate behaviour for each role.

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12
Q

How many rules did Zimbardo’s prisoners have to follow?

A

16

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13
Q

Name three items guards given to underlie their role?

A

Wooden club, handcuffs, keys, whistle, mirror sunglasses, khaki uniform.

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14
Q

How many men were chosen to participate?

A

24 (TWO WERE RESERVES - /22 participating)

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15
Q

The experiment ended after how many days?

A

6 instead of 14

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16
Q

How many days until prisoners rebeled?

A

2

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17
Q

Which prisoner suffered from emotional disturbance?

A

8612

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18
Q

How many male participants were recruited in M’s study?

A

40

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19
Q

Milgram

What was the name of the confederate who always ended up as the learner?

A

Mr Wallace

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19
Q

How old were Milrgam’s ppts?

A

20-50 years old

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20
Q

The learner was strapped in a chair wired with…

A

electrodes.

21
Q

To increase realism what happened to the teacher before commencing the study?

A

Shocks were given

22
Q

300 volts is what type of shock?

A

Intense shock

23
Q

At what voltage was there no further response from the learner?

A

No response after 315V and the teacher was told that an absence of a response should be treated as an incorrect answer

24
Q

milgram

Name 3 prods

A

Please continue, the experiments required you to continue, it is absolutely essential that you continue, you have no other choice you must go on.

25
Q

What % of ppts stopped at 300V?

A

12.5%

26
Q

Qualitative data in Milgram?

A

Observations of extreme tension – stuttering, biting lips etc.

27
Q

What % of ppts were glad to have taken part?

A

84%

28
Q

Define proximity

A

The physical closeness or distance of an authority figure to the person they are giving an order to

29
Q

When the teacher and learner were no longer in adjoining rooms, what % did the obedience rate drop to?

A

65% to 40%

30
Q

When the teacher forced the learner’s hand to an electroshock plate, what % did the obedience rate drop to?

A

65% to 30%

31
Q

When the experimenter gave orders over the phone, what % did the obedience rate drop to?

A

65% to 20.5%

32
Q

When the experiment was conducted in a run-down office block, what % did the obedience rate drop to?

A

65% to 47.5%

33
Q

When the experimenter wore ordinary clothes, what % did the obedience rate drop to?

A

65% to 20%

34
Q

Who conducted a 1974 field experiment which supported the idea that uniform impacts obedience rates?

A

Bickman

35
Q

Why have Smith and Bond (1998) critiqued M’s work?

A

May not apply to the non-western world – only replicated in the west.

36
Q

What is the link between LOA and social hierarchy?

A

Authority is classed as legitimate based on cultural norms regarding position in the social hierarchy. Those we accept as authority figures are able to exercise social power.

37
Q

Where do we learn to accept LOA?

A

childhood

38
Q

Define destructive authority

A

Leaders use authority for destructive purposes

39
Q

What are binding factors?

A

Aspects of a situation that enable people to ignore or minimise the damaging effect of their behaviour and allows them to reduce the moral strain they are feeling.

40
Q

In which country did only 16% of participants go to the top of the voltage scale showing that legitimacy of authority can account for why people obeyed (shows that LOA is useful in accounting for cross-cultural differences).

A

Australia

41
Q

Adorno argues that fear is displaced onto others who are perceived to be weaker – what approach is this based on?

A

Psychodynamic

42
Q

How many middle class people were investigated by Adorno (1950)?

A

2000 middle class white Americans

43
Q

Social support can help individuals to resist obedience. In the presence of someone who disobeys what obedience rate did Milgram’s study drop to?

A

65% to 10%

44
Q

Who proposed the concept of LOC?

A

Rotter (1966)

45
Q

Define LOC

A

The sense we each have about what directs the events in our lives.

46
Q

People with a high internal LOC have what characteristics _______

A

Self confident, achievement-orientated, higher intelligence and less need for social approval

47
Q

Which study supported consistency looking into blue-green slides?

A

Moscovici

48
Q

What is the augmentation principle?

A

When people pay more attention to the cause

49
Q

What is social crypto amnesia?

A

Where peope have a memory that a change occured but don’t remember how it happens

Social Influence (10 decks)

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