Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards
What does Fermentation and Anaerobic Respiration enable?
They enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen
What does most cellular respiration require?
O2 to produce ATP
What happens when O2 is not present?
- Glycolysis couples with fermentation or another anaerobic respiration to produce ATP
Anaerobic respiration uses…
- An electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than O2
- Ex. SO4
Fermentation uses…
- Substrate-level phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to generate ATP
What are the 2 types of fermentation?
- Alcohol Fermentation
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
What does fermentation consist of?
- Glycolysis
- Reactions that regenerate NAD+, which can be reused by glycolysis
Alcohol Fermentation
- Pyruvate turns into ethanol in two steps
- It is done by yeast (more common) or bacteria in brewing, winemaking and baking
- Has a release of CO2
Human uses of ethanol
- Beverages
- Cleaning products
- Beauty products
- Rubbing alcohol
- Industrial processes
Note about alcohol fermentation
If ethanol fermentation is being done by facultative aerobe’s (ex. yeast) they must be placed in air tight containers
Sources of glucose for alcohol fermentation
- Sugar
- Barley
- Rye
- Rice
- Potatoes
- Agave
- Wheat
Human uses of CO2
- Baking (rises dough)
- Beverages with bubbles (ex. beer, champagne)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Pyruvate is reduced by NADH forming lactate (or lactic acid) as an end product
- No release of CO2
- It is done by some types of bacteria to make cheese and yogurt
When do animal muscle tissues use lactic acid fermentation?
When O2 is scarce they use it to generate ATP
What happens when lactate accumulates in muscles
- Lowers the bodies pH
- Reduces muscle effectiveness
