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Biochem Exam 7 > Chapter 12 Lipids & Membranes > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Lipids & Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids by definition are _

A

Lipids by definition are water-insoluble

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2
Q

ID

A
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3
Q

ID

A
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4
Q

ID

A
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5
Q

ID

A
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6
Q

ID

A
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7
Q

Name the main things that are important for lipds (4)

A

-Membranes
-Major source of energy
-Hormones
-Diabetes, obesity, artherosclerosis, cancer

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8
Q

Saturated fatty acid are good or bad fats and why?

A

bad they are straight chained so they can be close to each other Vs unsaturatd fat where the dobuble bond makes the fat kinked.

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9
Q

Are unsaturated fats good or bad?

A

Good

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10
Q

Saturated or unsaturated fat? How can you tell?

A

Staurated Fat: all the of the carbons atoms have Hydrogen atoms on them.

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11
Q

Saturated or unsaturated fat? How can you tell?

A

Unsaturated: some of the carbons atoms have Hydrogen atoms from double bonds, and don’t have as many Hydrogen atoms as possible.

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12
Q

Saturated or unsaturated fat?

A

Saturated

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13
Q

Saturated or unsaturated fat?

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

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14
Q

How to name fatty acids

A

Name is derived from the name of its parent compound. Ex. C18 saturated fatty acid:
parent hydrocarbon is octadecane octadecanoic acid

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15
Q

How to Number Fatty Acids

A

Fatty acid carbon atoms are numbered
starting at the Carboxyl terminus:
O=C=O

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16
Q

18:0 denotes a C18 fatty acid how many double bonds?

A

no double bonds

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17
Q

Where is the bouble bond located? What is the symbol

A

Position of double bond is represented by “∆” followed by a superscript.

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18
Q

When counting the carbons for a fatty acid you start with _ and it that carbon goes above the “∆”.

A

When counting the carbons for a fatty acid you start with Carboxyl terminus and it that carbon goes above the “∆”.

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19
Q

break this down 18:1 ∆^9

A

18 carbon with one double bond on carbon 9

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20
Q

What is the methy carbon called at the end of a fatty acid

A

Omega carbon

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21
Q

What is another way you can count carbons of a fatty acid.

A

Alternatively, can count from omega carbon with omega being carbon 1: ω-3 fatty acid

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22
Q

This is an exmaple of what type of fat?

A

Saturated and it is bad for you b/c they stack well and as a result they can form plaques which in turn colg your arteries.

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23
Q

What type of fat is this?

A

Unstatured fat which is good for you and do not stack well.

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24
Q

What type of fat is this?

A

Unsatrated fat and this is can stack even better then saturated fats.

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25
Q

what is the Melting point of steric acid melting point?

A

70 degrees C

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26
Q

what is the Melting point of Oelic Acid?

A

13 degrees C

27
Q

Why are trans fats bad for you?

A

Trans fats are bad for you becasue they lower HDL ( the good cholerterol) and inresseace LDL ( the bad cholesterol).

28
Q

what are the 3 classes of Membrane lipids?

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. glycolipids
  3. cholesterol
29
Q

What is this?

A

A phospholipid

30
Q

Phospholipids Derived from _ Are Called _.

A

Phospholipids Derived from Glycerol Are Called Phosphoglycerides

31
Q

Fill in the blank

A
32
Q

Phospholipids Can be _ at the _ Terminus with _.

A

Phospholipids Can be Decorated at the Phosphate Terminus with Alcohols

33
Q

Name this

A

Serine

34
Q

Name this

A

Ethanolamine

35
Q

Name this

A

Choline

36
Q

Name this

A

Glycerol

37
Q

Name this

A

Inositol

38
Q

Name this major Phosphoglycerides

A

Phosphatidylserine

39
Q

Name this major Phosphoglycerides

A

Phosphatidycholine

40
Q

Name this major Phosphoglycerides

A

Phosphatidlethanolamine

41
Q

Name this major Phosphoglycerides

A

Phosphatidylinositol

42
Q

Name this major Phosphoglycerides

A

Diphosphatidyglycerol ( cardiolipin)

43
Q

_ is a Phospholipid Found in Membranes. And what is the core _ _

A

Sphingomeyelin is a Phospholipid Found in Membranes. The core is an amino alcohol

44
Q

Fill in the blank

A
45
Q

Glycolipids are - Lipids and are similar to Similar to Sphingomyelin but different group linked to primary _ and no _ (sugar instead)

A

Glycolipids are Sugar-Containing Lipids similar Similar to Sphingomyelin but different group linked to primary OH group and no phosphate group (sugar instead)

46
Q

_ is a Lipid Based On a Steroid Nucleus

A

Cholesterol is a Lipid Based On a Steroid Nucleus

47
Q

Steroid nucleus _ _ on one end _ on the other end

A

Steroid nucleus Hydrocarbon tail on one end Alcohol on the other end

48
Q

Structures that Result from _ Nature of Lipids. Meaning that they are both _ and - polor.

A

Structures that Result from Amphipathic Nature of Lipids and are both polor and non-polor.

49
Q

What do Micelles allow and what are they driven by?

A

(allow for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins) and driven by hydrophbic effect

50
Q

_ bilayers are Highly _ to _ and Most Polar Molecules ( _ is the exception)

A

Lipid bilayers are Highly Impermeable to Ions and Most Polar Molecules (** water** is the exception)

51
Q

What are the two ways that water can cross

A
  1. Osmosis - a type of diffusion across a semi-perm. membrane
    2.** Aquaporins ** – a type of protein channel
52
Q

_ Carry Out Most Membrane Processes

A

Proteins Carry Out Most Membrane Processes

53
Q

Expain this and what make its a intergral membrane protein?

A

If any part of the protein is in the membrane

54
Q

Main Idea:

_ proteins can have hydrophobic _ helices or _ _ sheets.

A

Transmembrane proteins can have hydrophobic alpha helices or amphipathic beta sheets.

55
Q

Transmembrane proteins
are Transmembrane _ - helices and are mostly - amino acids

A

Bacteriorhodopsin Transmembrane
α-helices
Mostly nonpolar amino acids

56
Q

In porins the outside is _?

A

Outside (nonpolar residues)

57
Q

Some Proteins Associate with Membranes Through Covalently Attached _ Groups

A

Some Proteins Associate with Membranes Through Covalently Attached Hydrophobic Groups

58
Q

Lipids are attached to the _ -terminus or a residue with what type of anchors?

A

Lipids are attached to C-terminus or a **Cys ** residue

59
Q

ID this lipdated proteins

A

s-Palmitoylcysteine

60
Q

ID this lipdated proteins

A

C-terminal S-farnesylcysteine methyl ester

61
Q

ID this lipdated proteins

A

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor

62
Q

Membranes are _ static, _ structures _ diffusion occurs with lipids and proteins But, _ through membrane is very slow.

A

Membranes are NOT static, rigid structures Lateral diffusion occurs with lipids and proteins But, rotation through membrane is very slow.

63
Q

Melting point is a function of: what Three things?

If long chain high or low mp
if saterated high or low mp
Unsaturated with cis double bond high or low Tm

A

Tm is a function of: Phase-transition for a phospholipid membrane

  1. Length of fatty acid chains
  2. Degree of unsaturation
  3. [Cholesterol] - depended on concertration

If long chain high or low mp
if saterated hight or low mp
Unsaturated with cis double bond high or low Tm

64
Q
A

Biochem Exam 7 (5 decks)

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