Gas exchange in fish and insects Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

Do small organisms have a small or large SA to volume ratio?

A

large

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3
Q

How does an increased SA (needed for gas exchange) impact water loss?

A

Water will be lost/evaporate more easily due to the high SA

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4
Q

What are the internal tubes that insects have for gas exchange?

A

tracheae

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5
Q

What are tracheoles?

A

smaller dead-ended tubes that come off of the tracheae and extend to all the tissues in the insect

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6
Q

What 3 ways can respiratory gases move in and out of the tracheal system of insects?

A
  • along a diffusion gradient
  • mass transport
  • tracheoles ends are filled with water
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7
Q

How does water in the tracheoles’ ends allow for respiratory gases to be exchanged?

A
  • major activity –> anaerobic respiration –> lactate is produced
  • lactate lowers water potential of muscle cells
  • water moves into cells from tracheoles by osmosis
  • volume of water in tracheoles decreases, which draws in more air
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8
Q

What are gills made up of?

A

gill fillaments, which are stacked up, and made up of gill lamellae (which are perpendicular)

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9
Q

What is the essential feature of the counter-current exchange system?

A

water flows over surface in opposite direction to the flow of blood

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10
Q

How does the counter-current exchange principle allow for efficient gas exchange?

A

maintains a concentration gradient, which allows for oxygen to diffuse from water into the blood

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11
Q

Give 3 ways insects limit water loss

A
  • small SA to volume ratio
  • waterproof coverings (chitin)
  • spiracles (can be closed if insect is at rest)
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12
Q

Why might some insects have gills?

A
  • higher metabolic rate
  • uses more
    oxygen
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13
Q

Why would reduction in movement reduce water loss in insects?

A
  • less respiration so less gas exchange
  • so spiracles open less so less water loss
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