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Greek religion- Coe > lesson 1- levels of worship > Flashcards

lesson 1- levels of worship Flashcards

1
Q

what does oikos mean?

A

household

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2
Q

what is a deme?

A

a local community/ local division of the city state e.g Hitchin

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3
Q

what is a polis?

A

a city state e.g Hertfordshire

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4
Q

what is panhellenic?

A

all over Greece

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5
Q

what is personal worship?

A

personal worship that would be done by an individual or family in their home

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6
Q

what is localised worship?

A

worship that would be done as a small, localised community such as a tribe or city

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7
Q

what is panhellenic worship?

A

worship that would be done over the whole of Greece

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8
Q

what was Zeus ktesios?

A

Protector of property and wealth

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9
Q

how is zeus ktesios typically depicted?

A

By a two handled vase draped in white woollen ribbon filled with seeds, water and olive oil

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10
Q

where would a depiction of Zeus ktesios typically be kept?

A

In the storeroom

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11
Q

who would pray to Zeus ktesios?

A

the father of the family- who would pray to him for wealth and good property

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12
Q

what is zeus herkeois?

A

zeus of the fence who protected the enclosure of the house

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13
Q

what is zeus herkeois depicted as?

A

with a snake- this snake would ward off evil

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14
Q

where would the depiction of Zeus Herkeois usually be kept?

A

in the courtyard of the home, which the whole house was centered around

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15
Q

what is apollo agyeios?

A

protector of the outside of the home

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16
Q

how is apollo agyeios depicted?

A

by a small statuette, a small pillar or statue of heracles

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17
Q

where would the apollo agyeios depiction be found?

A

outside the home

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18
Q

what was a herm?

A

a rectangular pillar with a bearded head of Hermes at the top and erect phallus further down the pillar

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19
Q

what were herms used as?

A

hallway markers and protective symbols outside houses

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20
Q

what was the hearth?

A

The fire of the home which was dedicated to Hestia

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21
Q

how were new family members such as wives, slaves and babies incorporated into the family home?

A

through a small ceremony which involved waling around the fire whilst being showered with dried fruits and nuts

22
Q

how would the hearth be worshipped?

A

By keeping the fire alive

23
Q

what were the duties of the father in the oikos?

A

-tend to the household religious cults
-tending to family tombs (both in appearance and the rituals to honour the dead)
-offer libations of milk and and honey and offerings of garlands at the gravesite once a year in the name of the deceased
-welcoming their son into their phratry (brotherhood) during a three day festival in honour of zeus phratrios

24
Q

what were the duties of women in religious participation?

A

-their main participation was as priestesses for state cults or in communal civil cults

25
Q

what was arrephoros?

A

A secret ritual which was performed in may associated with Athena polias. The arrephoroi were two maidens which were chosen each year and had to carry baskets on their heads , given to them by Athena, but neither of them knew what was in the basket. They would take it from nearby the temple of athena on the acropolis then through an underground passage to the sanctuary of aphrodite, where they would get something in return.

26
Q

what were grinders?

A

Girls that would ground the meal for the cakes that would offered to athena on her alter

27
Q

what was the brauronia?

A

There was a sanctuary of artemis at Brauron. Girls would dress up as bears at the festival of brauronia- this was a required festival before a girl was allowed to marry

28
Q

what was a basket bearer?

A

Might refer to the baskets that held sacrificial elements on occasions such as the panathenaic procession.

29
Q

what were women allowed to do once they were married?

A

They could take part in festivals such as the Thesmophoria ( a woman only festival in honour of demeter and persephone) or the eleusinian mysteries.

30
Q

what rites did women have to perform?

A

They would have to perform rites when someone had died by tending to the corpse.

31
Q

how many residents are estimated to have lived in the deme of erchia?

A

3,000-2,000 people 500 of which were male

32
Q

what piece of evidence dated from the 4th century BC gives us an insight into their deme religious participation?

A

their sacrificial calendar, which told us what sacrifices were happening weekly, monthly and yearly, whether the sacrifice would be dedicated to a god or a hero, and what animal would be sacrificed.

33
Q

how many sacrifices did the deme of erchia have a year?

A

5

34
Q

how many animals were sacrificed yearly at the deme of erchia?

A

59 animals yearly

35
Q

who paid for the erchia sacrifices?

A

wealthy demesmen- the sacrifices could get very costly especially due to the amount of animals which were killed yearly

36
Q

what are the 6 variants of apollo which are mentioned in sources from erchia?

A

Apotropaios (averter of evil)
Delphinios (of delphi)
Lykeios (of wolves)
Nymphegetes (leader of the nymphs)
Paion (healer)
Pythios (the pythian- again referring to delphi)

37
Q

what were the 3 local heroes that were worshipped in erchia?

A

Heroes Epops, leucaspis and menedeius.

38
Q

what did erchia priests also have to do?

A

represent the deme at festivals that took place in athens- we know this is true because we have evidence that erchia offered sacrifices to Athene polias at the acropolis

39
Q

Why did the deme of Erchia particularly worship Demeter at a festival such as Proerosia?

A

Because Erchia was in the countryside, they would worship demeter, goddess of fertility and agriculture. ‘Proerosia’ meaning ‘pre-ploughing festival’.

40
Q

who could participate in polis religious participation?

A

everyone apart from women, slaves and non citizens

41
Q

Who paid for and organised Polis wide religious participation?

A

paid for by state funds and organised by state officials- the city funded temples, sacrifices, festivals and dedications

42
Q

what were the purposes for polis religious participation beyond just honouring the gods?

A

It was also to draw the community together and create a sense of patriotism and civic pride

43
Q

who was worshipped at the delphi panhellenic sanctuary?

A

pythian apollo (meaning the apollo that slew the pytho- a mythical snake)

44
Q

what panhellenic games were held at the delphi sanctuary?

A

the pythian games

45
Q

what god was worshipped at the olympia panhellenic sanctuary?

A

olympian zeus (meaning zeus of olympus)

46
Q

what panhellenic games were held at the olympia sanctuary?

A

the olympian games

47
Q

what god was worshipped at the nemea panhellenic sanctuary?

A

nemean zeus (meaning zeus of the nemea)

48
Q

what panhellenic games were held at the nemea sanctuary?

A

the nemean games

49
Q

what god was worshipped at the isthmus panhellenic sanctuary?

A

isthmian poseidon (meaning poseidon of isthmus)

49
Q

what panhellenic games were held at the isthmus sanctuary?

A

the ishmian games

Greek religion- Coe (30 decks)

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